AB declares that she receives funding from the Wellcome Innovations Flagship Collaboration for Implementation and Training in Critical Care in Asia and Africa (224048/Z/21/Z). MS-H declares that he received a National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist Award (NIHR-CS-2016–16–011) between February, 2017, and January, 2023, to study health-care burden among sepsis survivors; is a Director of Research for the Intensive Care Society, member of the Medical Research Council (MRC) and NIHR Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme (EME), Chair of the EME-NIHR Advanced Fellowship Committee, council member of the International Sepsis Forum; receives funding from the NIHR, Wellcome Trust, and MRC; and has served on advisory boards (either directly or indirectly through the International Sepsis Forum) for Biotest, Endpoint Health, Janssen, Pfizer, Aurobac, GSK, and Santersus, with payments received to the institutional research funds. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.