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Review
. 2024 May 25:18:220-233.
doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.020. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Research progress on cottonseed meal as a protein source in pig nutrition: An updated review

An Tao  1   2 , Jiahao Wang  1   2 , Bin Luo  1   2 , Bowen Liu  1   2 , Zirui Wang  1   2 , Xingping Chen  1   2 , Tiande Zou  1   2 , Jun Chen  1   2 , Jinming You  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Research progress on cottonseed meal as a protein source in pig nutrition: An updated review

An Tao et al. Anim Nutr. .

Abstract

At a global level, the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production. Moreover, given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal, it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry. Cottonseed meal, a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil, exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content, high yield, low cost, well-balanced amino acid composition, and sufficient accessibility. However, cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors, especially gossypol, which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance, resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed. To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production, it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization. In this review, we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal, primary anti-nutritional factors, and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed. Subsequently, we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal application in pig nutrition over the past decade. The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.

Keywords: Cottonseed meal; Nutritional value; Pig nutrition; Protein source.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, and there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the content of this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The overview diagram of the applications of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition. Defatted cottonseed meal is not recommended for direct utilization in pig feed due to its high gossypol levels. The process of degossypolisation of cottonseed meal through physical, chemical, and biological methods effectively reduces the gossypol content and enhances its nutritional value, and thus facilitates the application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The chemical structure of gossypol (Liu et al., 2022).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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