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Review
. 2024 Aug 26;9(36):37445-37458.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04123. eCollection 2024 Sep 10.

A Futuristic Development in 3D Printing Technique Using Nanomaterials with a Step Toward 4D Printing

Prachi Agarwal  1 , Vidhi Mathur  1 , Meghana Kasturi  2 , Varadharajan Srinivasan  3 , Raviraja N Seetharam  1 , Kirthanashri S Vasanthan  1
Affiliations
Review

A Futuristic Development in 3D Printing Technique Using Nanomaterials with a Step Toward 4D Printing

Prachi Agarwal et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

3D bioprinting has shown great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for creating patient-specific tissue scaffolds and medicinal devices. The quickness, accurate imaging, and design targeting of this emerging technology have excited biomedical engineers and translational medicine researchers. Recently, scaffolds made from 3D bioprinted tissue have become more clinically effective due to nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Because of quantum confinement effects and high surface area/volume ratios, nanomaterials and nanotechnological techniques have unique physical, chemical, and biological features. The use of nanomaterials and 3D bioprinting has led to scaffolds with improved physicochemical and biological properties. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials affect 3D bioprinted tissue engineered scaffolds for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Biomaterials and cells that respond to stimuli change the structural shape in 4D bioprinting. With such dynamic designs, tissue architecture can change morphologically. New 4D bioprinting techniques will aid in bioactuation, biorobotics, and biosensing. The potential of 4D bioprinting in biomedical technologies is also discussed in this article.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Various nanomaterials incorporated with bioinks for 3D bioprinting NP = nanoparticle, CNT = carbon nanotube, CNF = carbon nanofiber, PLA = poly(lactic acid), PCL = poly(ε-caprolactone), PLGA = poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). Nanobiomaterials for designing functional bioinks toward complex tissue and organ regeneration in 3D bioprinting (reproduced from ref (106) Elsevier).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Smart additive manufacturing: A machine learning-driven approach.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Integration of machine learning and 3D printing workflow.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Schematic representation of 3D printing and 4D printing. (B) Types of stimuli for smart materials and response. Reproduced from (68) under Creative Commons CC BY license.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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