Hyperuricemia and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending an academic hospital of Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in developing countries. Globally, nearly 1.13 billion adults had hypertension in 2015 and this is estimated to increase to 1.56 billion by 2025. Hyperuricemia is an important predictor of the progression of hypertension and is common in hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors among hypertensive patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UGCSH).

Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 hypertensive patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 2020 to February 2021. A convenient sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews and reviewing medical records respectively. The biochemical parameters were measured by using a Mindray BS-200E chemistry analyzer. Data was entered using EpiData version 4.6.0.0 and analyzed using STATA vs. 14.0. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were fitted to identify factors associated with hyperuricemia. The odds ratio and 95 % CI were calculated to assess the strength of the association and a P-value <0.05 in the multivariable was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 248 patients were enrolled; 140 (56.5 %) were female. The mean age of patients was 57.9 ± 10.5 years. The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 42.3 %; males had a prevalence of 36.1 % and females of 47.1 %. High waist circumference, high body mass index, dyslipidemia, low estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, elevated fasting blood glucose, elevated total cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, and Low High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be significantly associated with hyperuricemia.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated the predominant existence of hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients. Therefore, early diagnosis and monitoring of hyperuricemia are required before further complications occur.

Keywords: Associated factor; Clinical predictor; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia.