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Review
. 2024:1457:111-123.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61939-7_6.

Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Related Extrapyramidal Disorders

Francesco Cavallieri  1 , Marialuisa Zedde  2   3 , Valentina Fioravanti  1 , Sara Grisanti  4 , Manuela Napoli  5 , Claudio Moratti  5 , Rosario Pascarella  5 , Elena Moro  6 , Franco Valzania  1
Affiliations
Review

Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Related Extrapyramidal Disorders

Francesco Cavallieri et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a variety of neurological manifestations (i.e., anosmia, ageusia, myalgia, headache) and neurological syndromes (i.e., encephalopathy, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, myelitis, encephalitis) underlying different pathogenetic mechanisms. COVID-19 has also been associated with various movement disorders including acute or subacute parkinsonism. However, to date, only few cases of parkinsonism linked to COVID-19 have been reported, nevertheless raising the possibility of a post-viral parkinsonian syndrome. Furthermore, various studies in vitro and in animal models have highlighted a close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 virus and α-synuclein, leading to the hypothesis that COVID-19 could represent a factor favoring the long-term development of α-synucleopathies. In this chapter, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms related to movement disorders' manifestations of COVID-19 focusing on the possible overlap between pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson's Disease and COVID-19.

Keywords: Atypical parkinsonism; COVID‐19; Extrapyramidal; Parkinsonism; Parkinson’s disease; Pathophysiology; SARS-CoV-2.

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