DAB reports share options in Elephas (a company involved in diagnostic tumour testing to assess ex-vivo responses to immunotherapy); consulting or personal fees from Cancer Expert Now, Adnovate Strategies, MDedge, CancerNetwork, Catenion, OncLive, Cello Health BioConsulting, PWW Consulting, Haymarket Medical Network, Aptitude Health, ASCO Post and Harborside, Targeted Oncology, Merck, Pfizer, MedScape, Accolade 2nd MD, DLA Piper, AbbVie, Compugen, Link Cell Therapies, Scholar Rock, NeoMorph, Exelixis, AVEO, Eisai, and Elephas; and research support from Exelixis and AstraZeneca, outside of the submitted work. DAB has collaborated with Toni K Choueiri, Laurence Albiges, Rana R McKay, Hans Hammers, Daniel Y C Heng, Bradley A McGregor, and Robert J Motzer, but not in relation to the trial discussed here. DAB acknowledges support from the Department of Defence (KC190128/W81XWH-20-1-0882 and KC220016/HT9425-23-1-0735), the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute (1R37CA279822-01), the Louis Goodman and Alfred Gilman Yale Scholar Fund, and the Yale Cancer Center (supported by a National Institutes of Health and National Cancer Institute research grant P30CA016359). ZAY declares no competing interests.