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. 2024 Aug 29;10(17):e37134.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37134. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.

Simultaneous removal and separate recovery of radioactive Cs+ and I- ions from wastewater using a reusable bifunctional composite, Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6

Hwakyeung Jeong  1 , Dong Woo Lee  1 , Jihye Kim  1 , Sang-Eun Bae  1   2
Affiliations

Simultaneous removal and separate recovery of radioactive Cs+ and I- ions from wastewater using a reusable bifunctional composite, Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6

Hwakyeung Jeong et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Radioactive Cs+ and I- ions are major components of nuclear wastewater, typically existing as counter ions. Due to their high water solubility and mobility, these ions can spread through contaminated water and soil into ecosystems, necessitating continuous removal and management. In this study, we synthesized a reusable bifunctional Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6 composite that can simultaneously remove radioactive Cs+ and I- ions and, for the first time, enable their separate recovery in aqueous solutions. In this material, K2NiFe(CN)6 acted as an electrochemically switched ion exchanger, controlling the adsorption/desorption of Cs+, while Pt enabled the spontaneous adsorption and electrochemical desorption of I-, and the magnetic Ni core allowed for efficient adsorbent recovery. The adsorption isotherms of both Cs+ and I- were best fitted using the Langmuir model, and the corresponding adsorption capacities were comparable to those of conventional adsorbents used for the separate removal of Cs+ and I-. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated stability over 100 sorption cycles, maintaining high recovery efficiencies of 97.9 % for Cs+ and 99.7 % for I-, thereby proving its reusability. Thus, the developed composite holds great promise for radioactive wastewater treatment and environmental restoration.

Keywords: Bifunctional composite; Cesium and iodine removal; Electrochemical control; Reusable; Separate recovery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Sang-Eun Bae reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/501100003725National Research Foundation of Korea. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(a) Schematic of the synthesis of Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6 (cross-sectional structure) and (b) photograph demonstrating its magnetic separation.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(a) XRD patterns of Ni@Pt, Ni@K2NiFe(CN)6, and Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6, and (b) Fe L-edge XAS spectra of Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6, K3Fe(CN)6, and K4Fe(CN)6.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a) Representative TEM image of Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6, and (b–d) related EDS mapping images showing the distributions of (b) Ni, (c) Pt, and (d) Fe.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Cyclic voltammograms of a Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6-loaded (0.3 mg/cm2) GC-rod electrode recorded in 0.1 M NaClO4 (pH 7) in the presence and absence of 10 mM CsNO3 (scan rate = 50 mV/s).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Cyclic voltammograms of a Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6-loaded (0.3 mg/cm2) GC-rod electrode recorded in 0.1 M NaClO4 (pH 7) in the presence and absence of 10 mM CsI (scan rate = 50 mV/s). The inset shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of the 0.1 mM CsI +0.1 M NaClO4 (pH 7) solution recorded before and after the removal of I− with Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Isotherms for Cs+ and I− adsorption on Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6. The inset shows the corresponding Ce/qe vs. Ce plots and the related linear fits.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
(a) Schematic of electrochemical separation of Cs+ and I− using a Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6-loaded (4.4 mg/cm2) GC-plate electrode, and (b) variation of Cs+ and I− concentrations with the number of electrochemical separation steps.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Ni L-edge XAS spectra of Ni@Pt/K2NiFe(CN)6 recorded after 0, 50, and 100 separation cycles.
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