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Review
. 2024 Sep 2:15:1427784.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427784. eCollection 2024.

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome

Yi Yang  1   2 , Qianzhu Chen  1   2 , Weiyang Zhong  1   2
Affiliations
Review

The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome

Yi Yang et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

SAPHO syndrome is a complex inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and bones, characterized by osteomyelitis, acne, and pustulosis. Cytokines play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome, especially in inflammatory responses and immune regulation. This article reviews the cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of SAPHO syndrome, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and discusses their potential as intervention points for treatment. These findings elucidate the intricate immune regulatory network of SAPHO syndrome and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: IL-1β; SAPHO syndrome; TNF-α; cytokines; immune regulation; inflammatory response.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) activates the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in the SAPHO syndrome.
Figure 2
Figure 2
In SAPHO syndrome, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 have significant effects on T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) activates the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in the SAPHO syndrome.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activates the JAK-STAT pathway in SAPHO syndrome.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) activates the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase(MAPK) pathways in SAPHO syndrome.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) activates the Smad-dependent pathway in the SAPHO syndrome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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