Effect of Surgical Timing to Dental Health in Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting: Three-Dimensional Outcomes

Abstract

Background: There are various opinions on the optimal timing for performing secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG). This study compared dental health and 3-dimensional outcomes according to the timing of SABG surgery.

Patients and methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in patients who underwent SABG between January 1996 and October 2020. Patients were divided into early SABG (6-8 y old) and traditional SABG (9-13 y old) groups. The final dental survival of the lateral incisor and canine teeth, survival of the bone graft, and maxillary growth were analyzed using plain radiographs and computed tomography with a 3-dimensional volumetric analysis tool.

Results: Thirty-six patients were divided into an early group (15 patients) and a traditional group (21 patients). Five patients had bilateral cleft lip, and 26 patients had unilateral cleft lip and palate; therefore, 36 alveolar clefts were analyzed in this study. Lateral incisor survival was significantly greater in the early group than in the traditional group (60% vs. 23.5%; P <0.05). Compared with that in the traditional group, graft success in the early group was greater (80% vs. 57.1%; P <0.05). Three-dimensional volumetric analysis revealed superior bone graft efficiency in the early group compared with the traditional group (55.2 vs. 38.5%; P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in maxillary growth between the 2 groups.

Conclusions: In our study, superior dental and clinical outcomes were observed in the early SABG group without any long-term complications or maxillary retrusion. Our institution cautiously indicated that SABG could be performed at an age earlier than the existing SABG performed after 9 years old.

Keywords: Alveolar bone graft; calvarial cancellous bone; maxillary retrusion; maxillary sinus volume; mixed dentition; survival of canines and lateral incisor.