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Review
. 2024 Nov;15(11):2293-2308.
doi: 10.1007/s13300-024-01653-z. Epub 2024 Sep 18.

Insulin Delivery Technology for Treatment of Infants with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Raffaella Panza  1 , Valentina Cattivera #  2 , Jacopo Colella #  2 , Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre  1 , Manuela Capozza  1 , Luca Zagaroli  3 , Maria Laura Iezzi  3 , Nicola Laforgia  1 , Maurizio Delvecchio  4
Affiliations
Review

Insulin Delivery Technology for Treatment of Infants with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Raffaella Panza et al. Diabetes Ther. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare disorder of glucose metabolism with onset within the first 6 months of life. The initial treatment is based on insulin infusion. The technologies for diabetes treatment can be very helpful, even if guidelines are still lacking. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the literature about the safety and efficacy of insulin treatment with technology for diabetes to support clinicians in the management of infants with neonatal diabetes mellitus. A total of 22 papers were included, most of them case reports or case series. The first infants with neonatal diabetes mellitus treated with insulin pumps were described nearly two decades ago. Over the years, continuous glucose monitoring systems were added to treat these individuals, allowing for a better customization of insulin administration. Insulin was diluted in some cases to further minimize the doses. Improvement in technology for diabetes prompted clinicians to use new devices and algorithms for insulin delivery in infants with neonatal diabetes as well. These systems are safe and effective, may shorten hospital stay, and help clinicians weaning insulin during the remission phase in the transient forms or switching from insulin to sulfonylurea when suggested by the molecular diagnosis. New technologies for insulin delivery in infants with neonatal diabetes can be used safely and closed-loop algorithms can work properly in these situations, optimizing blood glucose control.

Keywords: Advanced hybrid closed loop; Diabetes technology; Hybrid closed loop; Insulin infusion systems; Insulin pump; Neonatal diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors (Raffaella Panza, Valentina Cattivera, Jacopo Colella, Maria Elisabetta Baldassare, Manuela Capozza, Luca Zagaroli, Maria Laura Iezzi, Nicola Laforgia, Maurizio Delvecchio) do not declare any competing interests. Maurizio Delvecchio is an Editorial Board member of Diabetes Therapy. Maurizio Delvecchio was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

Figures

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Fig. 1
PRISMA flowchart
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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