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. 2025 Feb;19(1):248-254.
doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1789270. Epub 2024 Sep 18.

Comparison of Water Sorption and Water Solubility Properties of Current Restorative Materials with Different Contents

Magrur Kazak  1   2 , Tugba Toz Akalin  3 , Fevzi Esen  4
Affiliations

Comparison of Water Sorption and Water Solubility Properties of Current Restorative Materials with Different Contents

Magrur Kazak et al. Eur J Dent. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate and compare water sorption and solubility properties of current restorative materials with different contents.

Materials and methods: Alkasite, self-adhesive restorative material (Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative material (EQUIA Forte HT, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), nanohybrid universal composite material (OptiShade, Kerr Dental, United States), and bulk-fill composite material (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States) were used. Samples (n = 6) were prepared (2 × 10 mm) according to the ISO 4049 standards. Water sorption and solubility values were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standards.

Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, Tamhane's T2 post-hoc, Pearson's correlation, and independent samples t-tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results: Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly showed the highest water sorption values (57.278 ± 3.174), while Group Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative exhibited the lowest (4.429 ± 0.174; p < 0.05). The water sorption values for Group Cention N were 5.000 ± 0.542. Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly had the lowest water solubility values (-99.799 ± 1.909), while Group Cention N (-2.966 ± 0.402) significantly exhibited the highest (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between water sorption and solubility values for each material (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The bulk-fill nano-filled composite resin material was successful in terms of water sorption while the bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative system in terms of water solubility. Alkasite can be recommended to be used as a base material due to its high solubility feature. Monomer, filler type, and amount had an impact on the water sorption and solubility properties of the tested materials.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pairwise comparisons of water sorption values for the tested materials. Note: Nonsignificant pairwise comparisons were not shown in the figure. * p  < 0.05. **** p  < 0.0001.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pairwise comparisons of water solubility values for the tested materials. Note: Nonsignificant pairwise comparisons were not shown in the figure. * p  < 0.05. **** p  < 0.0001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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