Complex Neurological Sequelae: Axonal Guillain-Barré Syndrome Post COVID-19 in a Young Patient

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) encompasses a spectrum of immune-mediated neuropathies, with axonal GBS representing a less common yet often severe subtype. This variant directly damages peripheral nerve axons, resulting in rapid and profound muscle weakness and sensory deficits. Axonal GBS has similar clinical features to the demyelinating form but is generally more severe with a less favorable prognosis. Here, we present a case of axonal GBS in a 46-year-old female following a mild COVID-19 infection, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and the importance of tailored therapeutic approaches and multidisciplinary care in managing this condition.

Keywords: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; axonal guillain-barré syndrome; covid-19; guillain-barré syndrome (gbs); post covid-19 complications.

Figure 1. CT scan of head or brain without contrast

This image shows no evidence of acute abnormality as a cause of generalized weakness, tingling, and numbness. Ventricles and sulci are normal in size and shape. Ventricular asymmetry is noted, which is a normal variant.

Figure 2. CT scan of the head or brain without contrast

This image demonstrates no evidence of acute abnormalities as the cause of generalized weakness, tingling, and numbness.

Figure 3. MRI spine cervical

There is no evidence of acute abnormality. There is no evidence of spinal cord compression or intrinsic spinal cord abnormality. Mild disc desiccation and disc bulging are present throughout the cervical spine, with no evidence of focal disc herniation or nerve root compression. The cranio-cervical junction is unremarkable. Paraspinal soft tissues do not show any significant abnormality.