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Review
. 2024 Aug 19;16(8):e67173.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.67173. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Implant Mechanics, Biological Milieu, and Peri-Implantitis: A Narrative Review

Sarah Mariam  1 , Rajesh Kshirsagar  2 , Shamimul Hasan  3 , Yogesh Khadtare  1 , Komal S Rajpurohit  1 , Himanshi Rai  1 , Devashri Newaskar  4 , Priya Deo  5
Affiliations
Review

Implant Mechanics, Biological Milieu, and Peri-Implantitis: A Narrative Review

Sarah Mariam et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Dental implants constitute an important treatment modality for rehabilitating edentulous and partially edentulous arches. With more implant systems in the market, understanding the mechanical aspects of implants is crucial in understanding this indispensable therapy. However, microflora-related factors i.e. biological factors are also crucial. Despite the tremendous success rate of dental implants, it is not averse to failure. Both mechanical and microbial aspects in seclusion or together predispose to implant failure. Newer technological advances have paved the way for advanced techniques to identify the not-so-common flora causing implant failure. This review focuses on detailed mechanical and biological aspects and the sealing agent used to seal the implant-abutment interface. It also focuses on advanced molecular techniques like metagenomics and transcriptomics. A thorough literature search was performed with selected articles from electronic databases. A combination of in-vivo and in-vitro studies were considered to provide comprehensive information on the subject. Both the biomechanical aspects like micro gap, and microleakage, as well as microbial movements play confluent roles in implant failure. The focus should be on the different aspects through which microflora can penetrate the inner parts of the implant. Also, newer culture-independent techniques of detecting previously undetected oral flora should be included in future studies.

Keywords: dental abutments; dental implants; metagenomics; microbiota; peri-implantitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The causes of implant failure.
Image credit: Dr. Sarah Mariam
Figure 2
Figure 2. Pathophysiology of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Image credit: Dr. Sarah Mariam
Figure 3
Figure 3. Depicting the mechanical aspects of implant failure.
Image credit: Dr. Sarah Mariam
Figure 4
Figure 4. Depicting the biological aspects of implant failure.
Image credit: Dr. Sarah Mariam
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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