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. 2024 Aug 31:24:101790.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101790. eCollection 2024 Dec 30.

Soluble sugar, organic acid and phenolic composition and flavor evaluation of plum fruits

Qiao Xiao  1 , Shiyuan Ye  1 , Hao Wang  1 , Shanshan Xing  1 , Wenli Zhu  1 , Haonan Zhang  1 , Jiawei Zhu  1 , Changbing Pu  1 , Dongqi Zhao  1 , Qiong Zhou  2 , Jin Wang  1 , Lijin Lin  1 , Dong Liang  1 , Xiulan Lv  1
Affiliations

Soluble sugar, organic acid and phenolic composition and flavor evaluation of plum fruits

Qiao Xiao et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Plums (Prunus salicina and Prunus domestica) are prevalent in southwestern China, and have attracted interest owing to their delectable taste and exceptional nutritional properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nutritional and flavor properties of plum to improve its nutritional utilization. Specifically, we determined the soluble sugars, organic acids, and phenolic components in 86 accessions using high-performance liquid chromatography. Notably, glucose, fructose, malic, and quinic acids were the predominant sweetness and acidity in plums, with sucrose contributing more to the sweetness of the flesh than the peel. Moreover, The peel contains 5.5 fold more phenolics than flesh, epicatechin, gallic acid, and proanthocyanidins C1 and B2 were the primary sources of astringency. Correlation and principal component analyses showed eight core factors for plum flavor rating, and a specific rating criterion was established. Conclusively, these findings provide information on the integrated flavor evaluation criteria and for enhancing optimal breeding of plums.

Keywords: Astringency; Citric acid (PubChem CID: 311); Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 72276); Fructose (PubChem CID: 5984); Fruit flavor; Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); HPLC; Malic acid (PubChem CID: 525); Plum; Quinic acid (PubChem CID: 6508); Rating criteria; Sensory evaluation; Sorbitol (PubChem CID: 5780); Succinic acid (PubChem CID: 1110); Sucrose (PubChem CID: 5988).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Proportion of sugars in the peel and flesh of 86 plum accessions. (A, B) Proportion of soluble sugars and organic acid. (C) The contents of different sugars in the flesh and peel of plums. The horizontal lines in the interior of the box are mean values. Each scatter plot indicates the amount of each substance. Cv, coefficient of variation.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of organic acids in the peel and flesh of 86 plum accessions. The horizontal lines in the interior of the box are mean values. Each scatter plot indicates the amount of each substance. Cv, coefficient of variation.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Proportion and distribution of phenolic compounds in the peel and flesh of 86 plum accessions. Proportion and distribution of phenolic compounds in the peel (A) and flesh (B). Others in circle indicate procyanidin B1, chlorogenic, quercetin, gallic. The horizontal lines in the interior of the box are mean values. Each scatter plot indicates the amount of each substance. Cv, coefficient of variation.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Correlation analysis (A, B) and principal component analysis (PCA) (C, D) of all assessed variables for sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in 86 plum accessions. A, C represents peel and B, D represents flesh. *, **, and *** indicate significance at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 level, respectively.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Hierarchical cluster analysis of plum accessions based on eight flavor indexes.
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    1. Awual M.R. Mesoporous composite material for efficient lead(II) detection and removal from aqueous media. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2019;7(3)
    1. Awual M.R., Hasan M.M., Iqbal J., Islam M.A., Islam A., Khandaker S.…Rahman M.M. Ligand based sustainable composite material for sensitive nickel(II) capturing in aqueous media. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020;8(1)
    1. Salman M.S., Znad H., Hasan M.N., Hasan M.M. Optimization of innovative composite sensor for Pb(II) detection and capturing from water samples. Microchemical Journal. 2021;160

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