. 2024 Aug 30:4:102923.

doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102923. eCollection 2024.

Non-technical skills for neurosurgeons: An international survey

S M Cavallo^{1

2}, E Pellencin^{3

2}, G Carone^{3

2}, N Castelli^{3

2}, R Ayadi^{3

2}; Non-Technical Skills Group in Neurosurgery; A Moiyadi⁹⁶, L Padayachy⁹⁷, T R Meling^{3

78

2}, F Di Meco^{98

99

2

3}, A Perin^{3

100

2}

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Non-Technical Skills Group in Neurosurgery:
F Olldashi⁴, A Al Anazi⁵, I Kanaan⁶, F Garcia Colmena⁷, P Ajler⁸, M Socolovsky⁹, E Knosp¹⁰, C Raftopoulos¹¹, J C Rodrigues Jr¹², Y P Enchev¹³, B Xu¹⁴, P Chul-Kee¹⁵, K Rotim¹⁶, J Posti¹⁷, B Meyer¹⁸, H Shimamoto¹⁹, Y Makhambetov²⁰, J Frosen²¹, S P Chandra²², P Cappabianca²³, G Piatelli²⁴, L Genitori²⁵, A Germanò²⁶, G Sabatino²⁷, C Bernucci²⁸, C Giussani²⁹, A Olivi²⁷, D Locatelli³⁰, R Stefini³¹, C Castrioto³², A Mangiola³³, M M Fontanella³⁴, L Tacconi³⁵, C Conti³⁶, M Skrap³⁷, N El Abbadi³⁸, M R Sharma³⁹, M S Shamim⁴⁰, S Sharif⁴¹, J P Farias⁴², I S Florian⁴³, A O Gushcha⁴⁴, L Rasulic⁴⁵, P Vulekovic⁴⁶, B T Ang⁴⁷, A Lagares⁴⁸, R Diez Valle⁴⁹, J Ensenat⁵⁰, L Ley Urzaiz⁵¹, J A Barcia Albacar^{52

53}, S S Kupanur⁵⁴, L Regli⁵⁵, I F Dunn⁵⁶, D Adelson⁵⁷, J Bederson⁵⁸, A D Levi⁵⁹, A Y Alturky⁶⁰, C Matula⁶¹, B Cortes⁶², W Xiang⁶³, T Li⁶⁴, N M F El-Ghandour⁶⁵, R Kanai⁶⁶, R Patir⁶⁷, B K Misra⁶⁸, S Dwarakanath⁶⁹, F Servadei⁷⁰, F Tomasello⁷¹, C Casali³, G Unsgard⁷², J J Morcos⁷³, T Souhil⁷⁴, I Khoja⁷⁵, I Kehayov⁷⁶, M Vukic⁷⁷, M Ziebell⁷⁸, H A Gulisano⁷⁹, M Tange⁸⁰, K Kurozumi⁸¹, M Locatelli⁸², D Garbossa⁸³, J L Gomez Amador⁸⁴, A O Rodriguez⁸⁵, K Ashkan⁸⁶, M Lim⁸⁷, M Maleki⁸⁸, A Agrawal⁸⁹, A Naik⁹⁰, D M Sciubba⁹¹, L J Kim⁹², R J Spinner⁹³, P McDonald⁹⁴, G Pavesi⁹⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
² Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.
⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Clínica Privada Vélez Sarsfield, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁹ Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰ Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Clinique Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
¹² Department of Neurosurgery, Heliopolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹³ Department of Neurosurgery and ENT Diseases, Division of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
¹⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China.
¹⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
¹⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
¹⁷ Neurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
¹⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
¹⁹ Shimamoto Neurosurgery Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
²⁰ Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, National Center for Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan.
²¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
²² Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
²³ Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
²⁴ Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
²⁵ Neurosurgery Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
²⁶ Unit of Neurosurgery, AOU Policlinico G. Martino di Messina, Italy.
²⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
²⁸ Unit of Neurosurgery, H San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy.
²⁹ Neurosurgery Clinic, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Gerardo Dei Tintori di Monza, Monza, Italy.
³⁰ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
³¹ Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Milan, Italy.
³² Division of Neurosurgery, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, Perugia, Italy.
³³ Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
³⁴ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
³⁵ Division of Neurosurgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
³⁶ Unit of Neurosurgery, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy.
³⁷ Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and Neurosciences Department, Santa Maria Della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.
³⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco.
³⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁴⁰ Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁴¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁴² Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁴³ Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
⁴⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.
⁴⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
⁴⁶ University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁴⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
⁴⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁹ Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁰ Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
⁵² Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
⁵³ Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁴ Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Department of Pathology, Karnataka, India.
⁵⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁵⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
⁵⁷ Neurosurgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
⁵⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁹ Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
⁶⁰ Department of Adult Neurosurgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Health Care Group, University Hospital Vienna, Austria.
⁶² Souza Aguiar Municipal Hospital, Brazil.
⁶³ Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
⁶⁴ Neurovascular Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
⁶⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁶⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, GurugramI, India.
⁶⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, India.
⁶⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁷⁰ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
⁷¹ Humanitas Clinical Institute of Catania, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy.
⁷² Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
⁷³ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Huston, Texas, USA.
⁷⁴ Neurosurgery Department, University of Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia, Algeria.
⁷⁵ Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria.
⁷⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
⁷⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁷⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
⁸⁰ Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
⁸¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁸² Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy.
⁸³ Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
⁸⁴ Neurosurgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁸⁵ Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
⁸⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
⁸⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁸⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁸⁹ Departments of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.
⁹⁰ Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
⁹¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
⁹² Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁹³ Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁹⁴ Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁹⁵ Neurosurgery Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
⁹⁶ Neurosurgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
⁹⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor and Translational Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁹⁸ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
⁹⁹ Department of Neurological Surgery, John Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

PMID: 39296491
PMCID: PMC11408938
DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102923

Non-technical skills for neurosurgeons: An international survey

S M Cavallo et al. Brain Spine. 2024.

. 2024 Aug 30:4:102923.

doi: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102923. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Collaborators

Non-Technical Skills Group in Neurosurgery:
F Olldashi⁴, A Al Anazi⁵, I Kanaan⁶, F Garcia Colmena⁷, P Ajler⁸, M Socolovsky⁹, E Knosp¹⁰, C Raftopoulos¹¹, J C Rodrigues Jr¹², Y P Enchev¹³, B Xu¹⁴, P Chul-Kee¹⁵, K Rotim¹⁶, J Posti¹⁷, B Meyer¹⁸, H Shimamoto¹⁹, Y Makhambetov²⁰, J Frosen²¹, S P Chandra²², P Cappabianca²³, G Piatelli²⁴, L Genitori²⁵, A Germanò²⁶, G Sabatino²⁷, C Bernucci²⁸, C Giussani²⁹, A Olivi²⁷, D Locatelli³⁰, R Stefini³¹, C Castrioto³², A Mangiola³³, M M Fontanella³⁴, L Tacconi³⁵, C Conti³⁶, M Skrap³⁷, N El Abbadi³⁸, M R Sharma³⁹, M S Shamim⁴⁰, S Sharif⁴¹, J P Farias⁴², I S Florian⁴³, A O Gushcha⁴⁴, L Rasulic⁴⁵, P Vulekovic⁴⁶, B T Ang⁴⁷, A Lagares⁴⁸, R Diez Valle⁴⁹, J Ensenat⁵⁰, L Ley Urzaiz⁵¹, J A Barcia Albacar^{52

53}, S S Kupanur⁵⁴, L Regli⁵⁵, I F Dunn⁵⁶, D Adelson⁵⁷, J Bederson⁵⁸, A D Levi⁵⁹, A Y Alturky⁶⁰, C Matula⁶¹, B Cortes⁶², W Xiang⁶³, T Li⁶⁴, N M F El-Ghandour⁶⁵, R Kanai⁶⁶, R Patir⁶⁷, B K Misra⁶⁸, S Dwarakanath⁶⁹, F Servadei⁷⁰, F Tomasello⁷¹, C Casali³, G Unsgard⁷², J J Morcos⁷³, T Souhil⁷⁴, I Khoja⁷⁵, I Kehayov⁷⁶, M Vukic⁷⁷, M Ziebell⁷⁸, H A Gulisano⁷⁹, M Tange⁸⁰, K Kurozumi⁸¹, M Locatelli⁸², D Garbossa⁸³, J L Gomez Amador⁸⁴, A O Rodriguez⁸⁵, K Ashkan⁸⁶, M Lim⁸⁷, M Maleki⁸⁸, A Agrawal⁸⁹, A Naik⁹⁰, D M Sciubba⁹¹, L J Kim⁹², R J Spinner⁹³, P McDonald⁹⁴, G Pavesi⁹⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
² Besta NeuroSim Center, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", Milano, Italy.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.
⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Alkhobar College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Clínica Privada Vélez Sarsfield, Córdoba, Argentina.
⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁹ Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰ Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Clinique Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
¹² Department of Neurosurgery, Heliopolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹³ Department of Neurosurgery and ENT Diseases, Division of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
¹⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China.
¹⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
¹⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
¹⁷ Neurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
¹⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
¹⁹ Shimamoto Neurosurgery Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
²⁰ Department of Vascular and Functional Neurosurgery, National Center for Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan.
²¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
²² Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
²³ Department of Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
²⁴ Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
²⁵ Neurosurgery Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
²⁶ Unit of Neurosurgery, AOU Policlinico G. Martino di Messina, Italy.
²⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
²⁸ Unit of Neurosurgery, H San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy.
²⁹ Neurosurgery Clinic, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Gerardo Dei Tintori di Monza, Monza, Italy.
³⁰ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
³¹ Department of Neurosurgery, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Milan, Italy.
³² Division of Neurosurgery, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, Perugia, Italy.
³³ Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
³⁴ Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
³⁵ Division of Neurosurgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
³⁶ Unit of Neurosurgery, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy.
³⁷ Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and Neurosciences Department, Santa Maria Della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.
³⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco.
³⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
⁴⁰ Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁴¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
⁴² Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁴³ Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
⁴⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.
⁴⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
⁴⁶ University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁴⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
⁴⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁹ Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁰ Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
⁵² Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
⁵³ Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁴ Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Department of Pathology, Karnataka, India.
⁵⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁵⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
⁵⁷ Neurosurgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
⁵⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁹ Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
⁶⁰ Department of Adult Neurosurgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Health Care Group, University Hospital Vienna, Austria.
⁶² Souza Aguiar Municipal Hospital, Brazil.
⁶³ Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
⁶⁴ Neurovascular Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
⁶⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁶⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, GurugramI, India.
⁶⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, India.
⁶⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
⁷⁰ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
⁷¹ Humanitas Clinical Institute of Catania, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy.
⁷² Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
⁷³ Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Huston, Texas, USA.
⁷⁴ Neurosurgery Department, University of Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia, Algeria.
⁷⁵ Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria.
⁷⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
⁷⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁷⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
⁸⁰ Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
⁸¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁸² Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy.
⁸³ Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
⁸⁴ Neurosurgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁸⁵ Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
⁸⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
⁸⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁸⁸ Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁸⁹ Departments of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.
⁹⁰ Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
⁹¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
⁹² Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁹³ Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁹⁴ Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁹⁵ Neurosurgery Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
⁹⁶ Neurosurgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
⁹⁷ Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor and Translational Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁹⁸ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
⁹⁹ Department of Neurological Surgery, John Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

PMID: 39296491
PMCID: PMC11408938
DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102923

Abstract

Introduction: Neurosurgery is considered a technically demanding specialty; nonetheless, it also requires non-technical skills (NTSs) to reach mastery.

Research question: This study seeks to understand how important NTSs are perceived by neurosurgeons across diverse roles and socio-economic backgrounds. The objective is to identify key NTSs and explore their role in surgical precision, teamwork, and collaboration.

Material and method: An international survey involving 372 neurosurgeons from various socio-economic and cultural contexts was conducted. The extensive sample and inclusive methodology provide a comprehensive perspective on the perceived importance of NTSs in neurosurgery.

Results: The survey results highlight the universal significance of NTSs among neurosurgeons. Attention to detail, humility, and self-awareness are considered essential for surgical precision, effective teamwork, and collaboration. The findings underscore the necessity for integrated training programs that combine NTSs with technical skills.

Discussion and conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of effective training methods such as simulations, mentorship, and role-playing in equipping neurosurgeons to navigate the complexities of their profession. Future research should focus on optimizing teaching methods for NTSs, comparing traditional courses, online modules, and hybrid training programs. Addressing the global disparity in neurosurgical care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, is crucial for improving patient outcomes worldwide.

Keywords: Education in medicine; Effective communications; Humility; Integrated training programs; Neurosurgery; Non-technical skills; Self-awareness; Simulations.

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Figures

**Graph 1**
At what point would you prefer training.?.

**Graph 2**
Which is the most effective teaching method.?.

**Graph 3**
_ Personality Traits A: Ranking B: Correlation matrix and cluster dendrogram.

**Graph 4**
_ Cognitive Skills A: Ranking B: Correlation matrix and cluster dendrogram.

**Graph 5**
_ Interpersonal skills A: Ranking B: Correlation matrix and cluster dendrogram.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Non-technical skills for neurosurgeons: An international survey

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Non-technical skills for neurosurgeons: An international survey

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