Proteolytic cleavage of single-chain pro-urokinase induces conformational change which follows activation of the zymogen and reduction of its high affinity for fibrin

Abstract

A plasminogen activator secreted from human kidney cells was highly purified by affinity chromatography on an anti-urokinase IgG-Sepharose column. The purified plasminogen activator was inactive and had a single-chain structure and a Mr of 50,000. It not only did not incorporate diisopropyl fluorophosphate, which reacts with active site serine residue in urokinase, but also did not bind to p-aminobenzamidine-immobilized CH-Sepharose, to which urokinase bind via its side-chain binding pocket present in active center. The plasminogen activator was converted to the active two-chain form with the same Mr by catalytic amounts of plasmin. Its potential enzymatic activity was quenched completely by anti-urokinase IgG, but not by anti-tissue plasminogen activator Ig. These results indicate that the plasminogen activator is an inactive proenzyme form of human urokinase. Therefore, the plasminogen activator was termed single-chain pro-urokinase. The cleavage of single-chain pro-urokinase by plasmin induced conformational change which followed the generation of reactive serine residue at active site, the increase enzyme activity and the reduction of its high affinity for fibrin. These findings suggest that conformational change occurs in both regions responsible for enzyme activity and affinity for fibrin upon activation of single-chain pro-urokinase.