Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115972

. 2024 Dec:342:115972.

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115972. Epub 2024 May 23.

Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study

Marco Solmi¹, Trevor Thompson², Andrés Estradé³, Agorastos Agorastos⁴, Joaquim Radua⁵, Samuele Cortese⁶, Elena Dragioti⁷, Davy Vancampfort⁸, Lau Caspar Thygesen⁹, Harald Aschauer¹⁰, Monika Schlögelhofer¹⁰, Elena Aschauer¹⁰, Andres Schneeberger¹¹, Christian G Huber¹², Gregor Hasler¹³, Philippe Conus¹⁴, Kim Q Do Cuénod¹⁴, Roland von Känel¹⁵, Gonzalo Arrondo¹⁶, Paolo Fusar-Poli¹⁷, Philip Gorwood¹⁸, Pierre-Michel Llorca¹⁹, Marie-Odile Krebs²⁰, Elisabetta Scanferla²¹, Taishiro Kishimoto²², Golam Rabbani²³, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka²⁴, Paolo Brambilla²⁵, Angela Favaro²⁶, Akihiro Takamiya²², Leonardo Zoccante²⁷, Marco Colizzi²⁸, Julie Bourgin²⁹, Karol Kamiński³⁰, Maryam Moghadasin³¹, Soraya Seedat³², Evan Matthews³³, John Wells³³, Emilia Vassilopoulou³⁴, Ary Gadelha³⁵, Kuan-Pin Su³⁶, Jun Soo Kwon³⁷, Minah Kim³⁸, Tae Young Lee³⁹, Oleg Papsuev⁴⁰, Denisa Manková⁴¹, Andrea Boscutti⁴², Cristiano Gerunda²⁶, Diego Saccon⁴³, Elena Righi⁴⁴, Francesco Monaco⁴⁵, Giovanni Croatto⁴⁶, Guido Cereda⁴⁷, Jacopo Demurtas⁴⁸, Natascia Brondino⁴⁹, Nicola Veronese⁵⁰, Paolo Enrico⁴⁷, Pierluigi Politi⁴⁹, Valentina Ciappolino⁵¹, Andrea Pfennig⁵², Andreas Bechdolf⁵³, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg⁵⁴, Kai G Kahl⁵⁵, Katharina Domschke⁵⁶, Michael Bauer⁵², Nikolaos Koutsouleris⁵⁷, Sibylle Winter⁵⁸, Stefan Borgwardt⁵⁹, Istvan Bitter⁶⁰, Judit Balazs⁶¹, Pál Czobor⁶⁰, Zsolt Unoka⁶⁰, Dimitris Mavridis⁶², Konstantinos Tsamakis⁶³, Vasilios P Bozikas⁴, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul⁶⁴, Michael Maes⁶⁴, Teerayuth Rungnirundorn⁶⁴, Thitiporn Supasitthumrong⁶⁴, Ariful Haque²³, Andre R Brunoni⁶⁵, Carlos Gustavo Costardi³⁵, Felipe Barreto Schuch⁶⁶, Guilherme Polanczyk⁶⁷, Jhoanne Merlyn Luiz⁶⁸, Lais Fonseca³⁵, Luana V Aparicio⁶⁷, Samira S Valvassori⁶⁸, Merete Nordentoft⁶⁹, Per Vendsborg⁷⁰, Sofie Have Hoffmann⁹, Jihed Sehli⁷¹, Norman Sartorius⁷², Sabina Heuss⁷³, Daniel Guinart⁷⁴, Jane Hamilton⁷⁵, John Kane⁷⁶, Jose Rubio⁷⁶, Michael Sand⁷⁷, Ai Koyanagi⁷⁸, Aleix Solanes⁷⁹, Alvaro Andreu-Bernabeu⁸⁰, Antonia San José Cáceres⁸⁰, Celso Arango⁸⁰, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja⁸⁰, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei⁸¹, Eduard Vieta⁸¹, Javier Gonzalez-Peñas⁸⁰, Lydia Fortea⁷⁹, Mara Parellada⁸⁰, Miquel A Fullana⁷⁹, Norma Verdolini⁸², Eva Andrlíková⁴¹, Karolina Janků⁴¹, Mark J Millan⁸³, Mihaela Honciuc¹⁹, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska⁸⁴, Igor Łoniewski⁸⁵, Jerzy Samochowiec⁸⁶, Łukasz Kiszkiel⁸⁷, Maria Marlicz²⁴, Paweł Sowa³⁰, Wojciech Marlicz⁸⁸, Georgina Spies³², Brendon Stubbs⁸⁹, Joseph Firth⁹⁰, Sarah Sullivan⁹¹, Asli Enez Darcin⁹², Hatice Aksu⁹³, Nesrin Dilbaz⁹⁴, Onur Noyan⁹⁴, Momoko Kitazawa²², Shunya Kurokawa²², Yuki Tazawa²², Alejandro Anselmi⁹⁵, Cecilia Cracco⁹⁵, Ana Inés Machado⁹⁵, Natalia Estrade⁹⁵, Diego De Leo⁹⁶, Jackie Curtis⁹⁷, Michael Berk⁹⁸, Andre F Carvalho⁹⁸, Philip Ward⁹⁹, Scott Teasdale⁹⁹, Simon Rosenbaum⁹⁹, Wolfgang Marx⁹⁸, Adrian Vasile Horodnic¹⁰⁰, Liviu Oprea¹⁰⁰, Ovidiu Alexinschi¹⁰¹, Petru Ifteni¹⁰², Serban Turliuc¹⁰⁰, Tudor Ciuhodaru¹⁰³, Alexandra Bolos¹⁰⁰, Valentin Matei¹⁰⁴, Dorien H Nieman¹⁰⁵, Iris Sommer¹⁰⁶, Jim van Os¹⁰⁷, Therese van Amelsvoort¹⁰⁸, Ching-Fang Sun¹⁰⁹, Ta-Wei Guu¹¹⁰, Can Jiao¹¹¹, Jieting Zhang¹¹¹, Jialin Fan¹¹¹, Liye Zou¹¹¹, Xin Yu¹¹², Xinli Chi¹¹¹, Philippe de Timary¹¹³, Ruud van Winkel¹¹⁴, Bernardo Ng¹¹⁵, Edilberto Peña de León¹¹⁵, Ramon Arellano¹¹⁵, Raquel Roman¹¹⁵, Thelma Sanchez¹¹⁵, Larisa Movina¹¹⁶, Pedro Morgado¹¹⁷, Sofia Brissos¹¹⁸, Oleg Aizberg¹¹⁹, Anna Mosina¹²⁰, Damir Krinitski¹²¹, James Mugisha¹²², Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani¹²³, Farshad Sheybani¹²⁴, Masoud Sadeghi¹²⁵, Samira Hadi¹²⁶, Serge Brand¹²⁷, Antonia Errazuriz¹²⁸, Nicolas Crossley¹²⁸, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic¹²⁹, Carlos López-Jaramillo¹³⁰, Dimitris Efthymiou¹³¹, Praveenlal Kuttichira¹³², Roy Abraham Kallivayalil¹³³, Afzal Javed¹³⁴, Muhammad Iqbal Afridi¹³⁵, Bawo James¹³⁶, Omonefe Joy Seb-Akahomen¹³⁷, Jess Fiedorowicz⁴⁰, Jeff Daskalakis¹¹, Lakshmi N Yatham¹³⁸, Lin Yang¹³⁹, Tarek Okasha¹⁴⁰, Aïcha Dahdouh¹⁴¹, Jari Tiihonen¹⁴², Jae Il Shin¹⁴³, Jinhee Lee¹⁴⁴, Ahmed Mhalla¹⁴⁵, Lotfi Gaha¹⁴⁵, Takoua Brahim¹⁴⁵, Kuanysh Altynbekov¹⁴⁶, Nikolay Negay¹⁴⁶, Saltanat Nurmagambetova¹⁴⁶, Yasser Abu Jamei¹⁴⁷, Mark Weiser¹⁴⁸, Christoph U Correll¹⁴⁹

Affiliations

¹ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Neurosciences Program, Ottawa Ontario; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany.
² Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
³ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay.
⁴ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece.
⁵ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, UK.
⁷ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden; University of Ioannina, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece.
⁸ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
⁹ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
¹⁰ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria.
¹¹ University of California San Diego, California, USA.
¹² University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.
¹³ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland.
¹⁴ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland.
¹⁵ University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Switzerland.
¹⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, UK; University of Navarra, Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Pamplona, Spain.
¹⁷ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy.
¹⁸ Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France.
¹⁹ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
²⁰ Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France; Université de Paris, PEPIT, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France.
²¹ Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France.
²² Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
²³ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
²⁴ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland.
²⁵ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy.
²⁶ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy.
²⁷ UOC Infanzia, Adolescenza, Famiglia e Consultori - Districts 1 & 2 AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy.
²⁸ University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Unit of Psychiatry, Italy.
²⁹ Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, GHNE, 91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France.
³⁰ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland.
³¹ Kharazmi University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran.
³² South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa.
³³ South East Technological University, School of Health Science, Waterford, Ireland.
³⁴ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus.
³⁵ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁶ An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Tainan, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan.
³⁷ Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁸ Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁹ Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
⁴⁰ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Neurosciences Program, Ottawa Ontario.
⁴¹ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
⁴² UTHealth Houston, Department of Psychiatry, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
⁴³ AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Addictions Department, Italy.
⁴⁴ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy.
⁴⁵ ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Salerno, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy.
⁴⁶ University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
⁴⁷ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁸ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy.
⁴⁹ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy.
⁵⁰ University of Palermo, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Palermo, Italy.
⁵¹ Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ss. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.
⁵² Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany.
⁵³ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
⁵⁴ Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany.
⁵⁵ Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany.
⁵⁶ University of Freiburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
⁵⁷ Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁵⁸ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
⁶⁰ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary.
⁶¹ Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway.
⁶² University of Ioannina, Department of Primary Education, Ioannina, Greece.
⁶³ King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
⁶⁴ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand.
⁶⁵ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-903, Brazil.
⁶⁶ Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile; Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁸ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
⁶⁹ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷⁰ Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷¹ Le Jolimont Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fribourg, Switzerland.
⁷² Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland.
⁷³ FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland.
⁷⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; Institut de Salut Mental, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
⁷⁵ University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
⁷⁶ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA.
⁷⁷ S2 Consulting LLC.
⁷⁸ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
⁷⁹ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸⁰ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
⁸¹ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸² University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Local Health Unit 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Italy.
⁸³ Glasgow University, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Science, Glasgow, UK.
⁸⁴ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Poland.
⁸⁵ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland.
⁸⁶ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Psychiatry, Szczecin, Poland.
⁸⁷ University of Białystok, Institute of Sociology, Society and Cognition Unit, Białystok, Poland.
⁸⁸ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Gastroenterology, Szczecin, Poland; The Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland.
⁸⁹ King's College London, London, UK.
⁹⁰ University of Manchester, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, UK.
⁹¹ Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
⁹² Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁹³ Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey.
⁹⁴ Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁹⁵ Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Avenida 8 de Octubre 2738, Montevideo, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
⁹⁶ Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia.
⁹⁷ Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia.
⁹⁸ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia.
⁹⁹ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁰⁰ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
¹⁰¹ Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania.
¹⁰² Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania.
¹⁰³ Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania.
¹⁰⁴ Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁰⁵ Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁶ University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁷ Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁸ Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁹ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.
¹¹⁰ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
¹¹¹ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China.
¹¹² Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Pekin, China.
¹¹³ UCLouvain, Institute of Neuroscience and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹⁴ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium.
¹¹⁵ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico.
¹¹⁶ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
¹¹⁷ University of Minho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
¹¹⁸ Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Portugal.
¹¹⁹ Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus.
¹²⁰ Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Switzerland.
¹²¹ Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland.
¹²² Kyambogo University, Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kampala, Uganda.
¹²³ Stanford University, Department of Psychology, California, USA; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland.
¹²⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
¹²⁵ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹²⁶ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
¹²⁷ Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
¹²⁸ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
¹²⁹ University of Kragujevac, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia.
¹³⁰ University of Antioquia, Department of Psychiatry, Medellín, Colombia.
¹³¹ Nous Therapy Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹³² Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India.
¹³³ Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
¹³⁴ Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan.
¹³⁵ Distinguished National Professor, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA.
¹³⁶ Tees Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
¹³⁷ Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Edo State, Nigeria.
¹³⁸ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
¹³⁹ Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
¹⁴⁰ Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁴¹ Oran 1 University, Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, Oran, Algeria.
¹⁴² Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
¹⁴³ Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea.
¹⁴⁴ Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wonju, South Korea.
¹⁴⁵ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia.
¹⁴⁶ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
¹⁴⁷ Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Gaza, Palestine.
¹⁴⁸ Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
¹⁴⁹ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA. Electronic address: christoph.correll@charite.de.

PMID: 39305825
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115972

Free article

Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study

Marco Solmi et al. Psychiatry Res. 2024 Dec.

Free article

. 2024 Dec:342:115972.

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115972. Epub 2024 May 23.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Neurosciences Program, Ottawa Ontario; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany.
² Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
³ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay.
⁴ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece.
⁵ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, UK.
⁷ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden; University of Ioannina, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece.
⁸ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
⁹ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
¹⁰ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria.
¹¹ University of California San Diego, California, USA.
¹² University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland.
¹³ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland.
¹⁴ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland.
¹⁵ University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Switzerland.
¹⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, UK; University of Navarra, Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Pamplona, Spain.
¹⁷ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy.
¹⁸ Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France.
¹⁹ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
²⁰ Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France; Université de Paris, PEPIT, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France.
²¹ Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France.
²² Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
²³ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
²⁴ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland.
²⁵ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy.
²⁶ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy.
²⁷ UOC Infanzia, Adolescenza, Famiglia e Consultori - Districts 1 & 2 AULSS 9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy.
²⁸ University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Unit of Psychiatry, Italy.
²⁹ Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, GHNE, 91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France.
³⁰ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland.
³¹ Kharazmi University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran.
³² South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa.
³³ South East Technological University, School of Health Science, Waterford, Ireland.
³⁴ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus.
³⁵ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil.
³⁶ An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Tainan, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan.
³⁷ Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁸ Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³⁹ Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
⁴⁰ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Neurosciences Program, Ottawa Ontario.
⁴¹ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
⁴² UTHealth Houston, Department of Psychiatry, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
⁴³ AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Addictions Department, Italy.
⁴⁴ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy.
⁴⁵ ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Salerno, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy.
⁴⁶ University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
⁴⁷ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁸ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy.
⁴⁹ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy.
⁵⁰ University of Palermo, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Palermo, Italy.
⁵¹ Unit of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ss. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.
⁵² Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany.
⁵³ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
⁵⁴ Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany.
⁵⁵ Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany.
⁵⁶ University of Freiburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
⁵⁷ Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁵⁸ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
⁶⁰ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary.
⁶¹ Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway.
⁶² University of Ioannina, Department of Primary Education, Ioannina, Greece.
⁶³ King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
⁶⁴ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand.
⁶⁵ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo - SP, 05403-903, Brazil.
⁶⁶ Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile; Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁷ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶⁸ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
⁶⁹ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷⁰ Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁷¹ Le Jolimont Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fribourg, Switzerland.
⁷² Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland.
⁷³ FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland.
⁷⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; Institut de Salut Mental, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
⁷⁵ University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA.
⁷⁶ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA.
⁷⁷ S2 Consulting LLC.
⁷⁸ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
⁷⁹ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸⁰ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
⁸¹ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸² University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Local Health Unit 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Italy.
⁸³ Glasgow University, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Science, Glasgow, UK.
⁸⁴ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Poland.
⁸⁵ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland.
⁸⁶ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Psychiatry, Szczecin, Poland.
⁸⁷ University of Białystok, Institute of Sociology, Society and Cognition Unit, Białystok, Poland.
⁸⁸ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Gastroenterology, Szczecin, Poland; The Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland.
⁸⁹ King's College London, London, UK.
⁹⁰ University of Manchester, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, UK.
⁹¹ Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
⁹² Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁹³ Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey.
⁹⁴ Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁹⁵ Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Avenida 8 de Octubre 2738, Montevideo, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
⁹⁶ Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia.
⁹⁷ Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia.
⁹⁸ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia.
⁹⁹ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁰⁰ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
¹⁰¹ Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania.
¹⁰² Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania.
¹⁰³ Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania.
¹⁰⁴ Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁰⁵ Amsterdam University Medical Centers (location AMC), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁶ University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁷ Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁸ Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
¹⁰⁹ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.
¹¹⁰ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan.
¹¹¹ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China.
¹¹² Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Pekin, China.
¹¹³ UCLouvain, Institute of Neuroscience and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹⁴ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium.
¹¹⁵ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico.
¹¹⁶ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
¹¹⁷ University of Minho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
¹¹⁸ Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Portugal.
¹¹⁹ Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus.
¹²⁰ Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Switzerland.
¹²¹ Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland.
¹²² Kyambogo University, Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kampala, Uganda.
¹²³ Stanford University, Department of Psychology, California, USA; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland.
¹²⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
¹²⁵ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹²⁶ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
¹²⁷ Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
¹²⁸ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
¹²⁹ University of Kragujevac, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia.
¹³⁰ University of Antioquia, Department of Psychiatry, Medellín, Colombia.
¹³¹ Nous Therapy Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹³² Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India.
¹³³ Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.
¹³⁴ Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan.
¹³⁵ Distinguished National Professor, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA.
¹³⁶ Tees Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
¹³⁷ Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Edo State, Nigeria.
¹³⁸ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
¹³⁹ Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
¹⁴⁰ Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁴¹ Oran 1 University, Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, Oran, Algeria.
¹⁴² Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
¹⁴³ Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea.
¹⁴⁴ Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wonju, South Korea.
¹⁴⁵ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia.
¹⁴⁶ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
¹⁴⁷ Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Gaza, Palestine.
¹⁴⁸ Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
¹⁴⁹ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA. Electronic address: christoph.correll@charite.de.

PMID: 39305825
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115972

Abstract

International studies measuring wellbeing/multidimensional mental health before/ during the COVID-19 pandemic, including representative samples for >2 years, identifying risk groups and coping strategies are lacking. COH-FIT is an online, international, anonymous survey measuring changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-score, and their associations with COVID-19 deaths/restrictions, 12 a-priori defined risk individual/cumulative factors, and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic (26/04/2020-26/06/2022) in 30 languages (representative, weighted non-representative, adults). T-test, χ², penalized cubic splines, linear regression, correlation analyses were conducted. Analyzing 121,066/142,364 initiated surveys, WHO-5/P-score worsened intra-pandemic by 11.1±21.1/13.2±17.9 points (effect size d=0.50/0.60) (comparable results in representative/weighted non-probability samples). Persons with WHO-5 scores indicative of depression screening (<50, 13% to 32%) and major depression (<29, 3% to 12%) significantly increased. WHO-5 worsened from those with mental disorders, female sex, COVID-19-related loss, low-income country location, physical disorders, healthcare worker occupations, large city location, COVID-19 infection, unemployment, first-generation immigration, to age=18-29 with a cumulative effect. Similar findings emerged for P-score. Changes were significantly but minimally related to COVID-19 deaths, returning to near-pre-pandemic values after >2 years. The most subjectively effective coping strategies were exercise and walking, internet use, social contacts. Identified risk groups, coping strategies and outcome trajectories can inform global public health strategies.

Keywords: Covid-19; Mental health; P-factor; Pandemic; Psychiatry; Psychopathology; Survey; WHO-5; Well-being.

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Declaration of competing interest Conflict of interest statements of all authors are detailed in eTable 8.

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Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study

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Global and risk-group stratified well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults: Results from the international COH-FIT Study

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