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. 2024 Aug;14(8):1990-1998.
doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.28. Epub 2024 Aug 31.

Ameliorative effect of transfersome gel of kepok banana peel extract (Musa balbisiana) against photoaging in Wistar rat skin

Elly Mayangsari  1   2 , Arifa Mustika  3 , Nurdiana Nurdiana  2 , Nozlena Abdul Samad  4
Affiliations

Ameliorative effect of transfersome gel of kepok banana peel extract (Musa balbisiana) against photoaging in Wistar rat skin

Elly Mayangsari et al. Open Vet J. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Background: Repeated acute exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays can cause photoaging. Musa balbisiana peel contains flavonoid compounds which act as antioxidants. However, the physicochemicals of flavonoids are unstable, have high molecular weight, and are easily oxidized, causing their use is still limited and transdermal delivery to be inefficient.

Aim: To investigate the ameliorative effect of transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peels against photoaging in Wistar rat skin.

Methods: Transfersome gel was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vivo research was used to determine the ameliorative effects of M. balbisiana peel. The composition of transfersome consists of ethanol extracts of M. balbisiana peel, soybean phosphatidylcholine, and tween 80. The gel was applied three times a week for 4 weeks with a total UVB radiation dose of 840 mJ/cm2. To evaluate the repair mechanism by measuring the degree of wrinkles, epidermal thickening, dermal thinning, collagen fiber irregularity, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression, malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels.

Results: TEM results show that gel transfersome M. balbisiana peel has a round morphology with a diameter of ±50 nm and no aggregation, which are defined as nanoparticles. Transfersome gel ameliorated the degree of wrinkle, epidermal thickening, dermal thinning, and irregularity of collagen fibers caused by UVB exposure, suppresses lipid peroxidation by decreasing MDA and TNFα level, also collagen imbalance by inhibiting MMP-1 expression and activating TGF-β expression, which was found statistically significantly different from non-transfersome gel group.

Conclusion: Transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peel can act as an alternative medicine to ameliorate clinical photoaging due to exposure to UVB.

Keywords: Medicine; Musa balbisiana peel; Photoaging; Transfersome gel; Ultraviolet B radiation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Characterization of gel transfersome M. balbisiana peel using a TEM HT7700. The scale bar is 50 μm. Yellow arrow : morphology of transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peel.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Effect of transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peel. (A) Wrinkle formation on rat skin exposed to UVB (red arrow), p value <. (B) Assessment of epidermal thickness with HE staining; microscope magnification 100×; scale bar is 50 μm. SC: stratum corneum; EP: epidermis; D: dermis; yellow arrow: epidermal thickness. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). Statistical analysis was done by oneway ANOVA followed by post hoc test analysis using the SPSS software. Data with notation (*) implied a significant difference (p < 0.05).
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.. Effect of transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peel. (A) Assessment of dermal thickness with HE staining (yellow line). (B) Assessment of collagen density with Masson trichrome staining (red arrow); microscope magnification 40×; scale bar is 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). Statistical analysis was done by oneway ANOVA followed by post hoc test analysis using the SPSS software. Data with notation (*) implied a significant difference (p < 0.05).
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.. Effect of transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peel on MMP-1 expressions. Immunohistochemistry sections of MMP-1; microscope magnification 100×; scale bar is 50 μm; brown staining indicates positive cells (yellow arrow). Quantitative analysis of expression intensity was performed using ImageJ 1.53e software. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). Statistical analysis was done by oneway ANOVA followed by post hoc test analysis using the SPSS software. Data with notation (*) implied a significant difference (p < 0.05).
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.. Effect of transfersome gel of M. balbisiana peel on TGF-β expressions. Immunohistochemistry sections of TGF-β; microscope magnification 100×; scale bar is 50 μm; brown staining indicates positive cells (red arrow). Quantitative analysis of expression intensity was performed by ImageJ 1.53e software. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). Statistical analysis was done by oneway ANOVA followed by post hoc test analysis using the SPSS software. Data with notation (*) implied a significant difference (p < 0.05).
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