Effect of two different commercial vaccines against bovine respiratory disease on cell-mediated immunity in Holstein cattle

Abstract

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex illness that impacts the respiratory system of domestic cattle, resulting in significant financial losses for the agriculture industry. Inactivated or modified live (MLV) pathogen vaccines are often used as a management tool to prevent and control BRD effectively.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the cell-mediated immune response (CMI) induced by two commercially available polyvalent vaccines, namely the MLV (cattle master gold FP) and the inactivated (CATTLEWIN-5K) vaccine.

Methods: A total of 20 seronegative heifers against 4 BRD viruses, bovine alphaherpisvirus-1 (BoAHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV BVDV-1: Pesti virus A; BVDV-2: Pesti virus B), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV3) were chosen for this study. The heifers were divided into three groups. The first group (n = 6) received no vaccination and was kept as a control. The second and third groups (seven heifers each) were vaccinated twice with either an MLV or inactivated vaccine. The gene expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 60th days post-vaccination. The results were compared with the control group to study the effectiveness of the vaccines.

Results: There was an upregulation in the expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ in both MLV and inactivated vaccinated groups. The level of IL-6 mRNA expression was statistically increased from the 14th and 28th days post-vaccination in MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The expression level of INF-γ increased significantly from the 2nd and 4th weeks post-vaccination in the MLV and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. The mean expression level of IL-6 and INF-γ mRNAs was significantly higher in the MLV vaccine group than in the inactivated vaccine group at each examination time.

Conclusion: Both investigated vaccines are efficient in stimulating CMI, particularly with the MLV vaccine showing a higher preponderance in IL-6 and INF-γ.

Keywords: BRD; IL-6; INF-γ; cell mediated immunity; vaccine.

Fig. 1.. Fold change (FC) of mRNA expression of IL-6 and INF-γ in MLV and inactivated vaccinated groups at each examination point compared with control animals. (A) FC of IL-6 in the MLV vaccine group. (B) FC of IL-6 in the inactivated vaccine group. (C) FC of INF-γ in the MLV vaccine group. (D) FC of INF-γ in the inactivated vaccine group.

Fig. 2.. Comparison of the mean fold change of IL-6 and INF-γ between MLV and inactivated vaccinated groups at each examination point.