Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep 6;10(18):e37435.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37435. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.

Cognitive interviewing validation of the Chinese version of the neurogenic bladder symptom score

Xue Wang  1   2 , Shen Gao  1   3 , Ting Wang  1 , Jun Xue  1 , Yixuan Yang  1 , Lu Han  1 , Yuanjie Niu  1 , Li Fu  1   2
Affiliations

Cognitive interviewing validation of the Chinese version of the neurogenic bladder symptom score

Xue Wang et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Background: The neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS) has been widely used to specifically measure symptoms and consequences of neurogenic bladder (NB). The cognitive interviewing (CI) is effective in assessing item clarity and identifying key issues related to the comprehension of the instrument. We aim to translate the NBSS into Chinese and use the CI approach to explore the thought processes of patients with NB in responding the Chinese Version of the NBSS, identify and modify the factors hinder the thought processes to enhance the face validity of the NBSS.

Methods: The translation of the NBSS into Chinese was conducted with the guidance of the recommended frameworks. Patients with NB were recruited by purpose sampling. CI with the combination of thinking aloud and verbal probing techniques were used to explore thought processes. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed based on Tourangeau four-stage response model.

Results: Two rounds of CI were carried out. The problems of comprehension, judgement and response mapping were identified in 8 items. Four items were revised based on the results of the interview. The revised items were verified and eventually integrated into the final version.

Conclusion: The Chinese Version of the NBSS was easy to comprehend and use. The use of CI methodologies can increase the comprehensibility and cultural applicability of the NBSS, providing the evidence for the development of a clearer and more appropriate questionnaire.

Keywords: Cognitive interviewing; Content validity; Neurogenic bladder; Outcome assessment; Patient reported outcome measurement; Quality of life.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

References

    1. Panicker J.N. Neurogenic bladder: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Semin. Neurol. 2020;40(5):569–579. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713876. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gajewski J.B., et al. An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for adult neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (ANLUTD) Neurourol. Urodyn. 2018;37(3):1152–1161. doi: 10.1002/nau.23397. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nseyo U., Santiago-Lastra Y. Long-term complications of the neurogenic bladder. Urol. Clin. 2017;44(3):355–366. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2017.04.003. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dinh A., et al. Urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder. Med. Maladies Infect. 2019;49(7):495–504. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.02.006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Moghalu O., et al. Time-related changes in patient reported bladder symptoms and satisfaction after spinal cord injury. J. Urol. 2022;207(2):392–399. doi: 10.1097/ju.0000000000002228. - DOI - PMC - PubMed