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Case Reports
. 2024 Aug 21;16(8):e67448.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.67448. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis: Report of a Rare Case

N S Shree Abiraami  1 , T N Umamaheswari  2 , Karthikeyan Ramalingam  3 , Devika S Pillai  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis: Report of a Rare Case

N S Shree Abiraami et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

The progressive overgrowth of the gingiva is the hallmark of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (IGF). Excess gingival tissue can obscure the crown of a tooth, resulting in spaces between teeth, displacement, retention of primary or permanent teeth, and difficulties with feeding, speaking, and appearance. The diagnosis and management of inherited gingival fibromatosis are the focus of this case report. A 12-year-old girl was referred from the Department of Orthodontics to Oral Medicine as a result of progressive gingival enlargement, which impeded orthodontic treatment for misaligned lower front teeth. The patient underwent a conservative periodontal treatment regimen that encompassed gingivectomy and debridement. The excised gingival tissues were submitted for histopathological examination. Tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed connective tissue with dense bundles of collagen fibers and little inflammation. The patient was reviewed after three months, and advised of orthodontic management for further aesthetic correction. The findings indicated that the oral symptoms of gingival fibromatosis are influenced by the severity of the condition and the age at which it begins. Early intervention helps mitigate potential difficulties for younger individuals.

Keywords: gingival enlargement; gingival fibromatosis; gingival hyperplasia; gingival overgrowth; gingivectomy; idiopathic gingival fibromatosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Intraoral images
Figures 1a, 1b, 1c show pigmented, blunt-edged gingiva.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Orthopantomographic image
Figure 2 shows an orthopantomogram with multiple exfoliating areas at 54, 53, 63, 75, 84, and 85, as well as erupting areas at 14, 15, 12, 23, 24, 25, 35, 45, and 44.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Full skull CBCT
A full-skull CBCT shows mixed dentition, developing permanent tooth buds evident, and exfoliating 53, 54, 63, 75, 83, 84, and 85. CBCT: Cone beam computed tomography
Figure 4
Figure 4. Gingivectomy in Upper Anterior
4a and 4b depict scalpel surgery done in relation to regions 11, 21, and 22.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Histopathological picture of the tissue sample
Figure 5 depicts histopathology picture showing dense fibrous connective tissue stroma with minimal inflammation along with surface epithelium (H&E, 10x).
Figure 6
Figure 6. Post-treatment follow-up images.
Figures 6a, 6b, 6c show a more defined knife-edge margin of the gingiva post-gingivectomy. The teeth are more pronounced after gingivectomy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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