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Review
. 2024 Dec;113(4):324-331.
doi: 10.1177/14574969241277614. Epub 2024 Sep 24.

Non-cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in surgical conditions

Line Marker, Peter Toquer  1 , John Thomas Helgstrand  2   3 , Frederik Helgstrand  4
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Non-cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in surgical conditions

Line Marker et al. Scand J Surg. 2024 Dec.
Free article

Abstract

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin that has an ability to create a fully reversible relaxation of muscles through decreased release of acethylcholin. It also has an effect on the cholinergic autoimmune nervous system, and it can reduce pain sensitization. BTX is widely used in cosmetic treatments. In recent years, BTX has increasingly been used to treat several medical and surgical conditions. In many cases, this is despite weak evidence and without approval from the European Medicine Agency (EMA). This narrative review describes how BTX is used in the different surgical specialties and provides a brief overview of the use of BTX for non-cosmetic surgical conditions.

Keywords: Botox; Botulinum toxin; future development; indications; therapeutic use; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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