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. 2024 Sep;13(18):e70241.
doi: 10.1002/cam4.70241.

Global burden of lung cancer in women of childbearing age attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution: 1990-2021

Ying-da Song  1   2 , Ruizhe Wang  1   2 , Jia-Xuan Wang  3 , Xun-Wu Tan  4 , Jun Ma  1
Affiliations

Global burden of lung cancer in women of childbearing age attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution: 1990-2021

Ying-da Song et al. Cancer Med. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the global burden of lung cancer due to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution in women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, with a focus on the temporal trends of the lung cancer burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age.

Results: In 2021, the global mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) number of lung cancer burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age were approximately 5205 and 247,211, respectively. The rate of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age increased between 1990 and 2021, with the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) increasing from 0.22 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]; 0.13 to 0.33) to 0.25 (95% UI; 0.14 to 0.37; average annual percent change [AAPC] = 0.40) and the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) increasing from 10.39 (95% UI; 5.96 to 15.72) to 12.06 (95% UI; 6.83 to 17.51; AAPC = 0.41). The middle sociodemographic index (SDI) region, East Asia, and China had the heaviest burden, while the high SDI region showed the highest decrease. ASMR and ASDR exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship with the SDI.

Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, the lung cancer burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age exhibited an increasing trend. Furthermore, increasing attention should be paid to the middle SDI region, East Asia, and China, as ambient PM pollution remains a critical target for intervention.

Keywords: Global Burden of Disease 2021; ambient particulate matter air pollution; epidemiology; lung cancer; women of childbearing age.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Joinpoint regression analysis for the ASMR (A) and ASDR (B) of global lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021. AAPC, average annual percentage change; APC, annual percentage change; ASDR, age‐standardized DALYs rate; SMR, age‐standardized mortality rate; DALYs, disability‐adjusted life‐years.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Change in the burden of global lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age by region, 1990 versus 2021. Columns and error bars represent the central estimates and 95% uncertainty interval of DALYs (A), ASDR (B), mortality (C), and ASMR (D) among women of childbearing age. ASDR, age‐standardized DALYs rate; ASMR, age‐standardized mortality rate; DALYs, disability‐adjusted life‐years; SDI, sociodemographic index.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The global distribution of the ASDR (A) and ASMR (B) of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age in 1990 and 2021. ASDR, age‐standardized DALYs rate; ASMR, age‐standardized mortality rate; DALYs, disability‐adjusted life years.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Correlations between the ASDR and ASMR of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age and SDI at the regional and national level. ASDR of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age at the global level and 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2021 (A). ASMR of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age at the global level and 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2021 (B). ASDR of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age in 204 countries or territories by SDI in 2021 (C). ASMR of lung cancer attributable to ambient PM2.5 among women of childbearing age in 204 countries or territories by SDI in 2021 (D). ASDR, age‐standardized DALYs rate; ASMR, age‐standardized mortality rate; DALYs, disability‐adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
AAPC of the ASDR (A) and ASMR (B) from 1990 to 2021 in 204 countries and territories according to the SDI in 2021. AAPC, average annual percentage change; ASDR, age‐standardized DALYs rate; ASMR, age‐standardized mortality rate; DALYs, disability‐adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index.
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