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. 2025 Jan;104(1):665-673.
doi: 10.1007/s00277-024-05996-2. Epub 2024 Sep 24.

A study of the relationship between circulating cytokines (interleukin-2 receptor and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2) and risk of B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma

Sara El-Sayed Abd El-Ghani  1 , Heba Youssef Abido  2 , Nehad Mohamed Tawfik  2 , Gehan Shaheen  3 , Hend Nabil Ellithy  2
Affiliations

A study of the relationship between circulating cytokines (interleukin-2 receptor and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2) and risk of B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma

Sara El-Sayed Abd El-Ghani et al. Ann Hematol. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) occurs due to uncontrolled B-lymphocyte clonal expansion. Cytokines can directly stimulate B-cell proliferation and prevent B-cell apoptosis. Dysregulation of cytokines may play an important role in the development of B-NHL by enhancing chromosomal translocation, which is the hallmark of B-NHL. Both interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α are proinflammatory cytokines and play important roles in the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of B cells.We conducted a prospective case-control study applied to 50 patients with B-NHL at Kasr Al Aini Hospital, Cairo University, and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected. In all patients and controls, sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the studied cytokines and clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to detect the cutoff values of the studied cytokines.Serum levels of sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Additionally, their levels were significantly higher in aggressive types and advanced stages of lymphoma. Also, the studied cytokines were significantly correlated with different clinical and laboratory parameters of lymphoma. The level of sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 were closely related to the type of lymphoma (P value ˂ 0.001 and 0.012, respectively), further it was also associated with the natural history of lymphoma (aggressive vs. indolent) (P value ˂0.001 and 0.04 respectively).We concluded that Pretreatment levels of sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 may play a role in the natural history and prognosis of lymphoma. They may be used as a prognostic factor for B-NHL patients and may also help with treatment decisions.

Keywords: B-NHL; Cytokines; Prognosis; sIL-2R; sTNF-R2.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The study was performed following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
ROC curves for sTNF-R2 and sIL-2R. Based on ROC curves, the optimal cut-off value for sTNF-R2 is 153 pg/mL AUC = 0.739 and for sIL-2R is 2034.5 pg/ml, AUC = 0.937
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