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Review
. 2024 Dec;43(4):1279-1296.
doi: 10.1007/s10555-024-10213-7. Epub 2024 Sep 24.

CAR T cells in solid tumors and metastasis: paving the way forward

Camilla Sirini #  1   2 , Laura De Rossi #  1   2 , Marta Angiola Moresco  1   2 , Monica Casucci  3
Affiliations
Review

CAR T cells in solid tumors and metastasis: paving the way forward

Camilla Sirini et al. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

CAR T cell therapy, hailed as a breakthrough in cancer treatment due to its remarkable outcomes in hematological malignancies, encounters significant hurdles when applied to solid tumors. While notable responses to CAR T cells remain sporadic in these patients, challenges persist due to issues such as on-target off-tumor toxicity, difficulties in their trafficking and infiltration into the tumor, and the presence of a hostile and immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review aims to explore recent endeavors aimed at overcoming these obstacles in CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors. Specifically, we will delve into promising strategies for enhancing tumor specificity through antigen targeting, addressing tumor heterogeneity, overcoming physical barriers, and counteracting the immune-suppressive microenvironment.

Keywords: Adoptive cell therapies; CAR T cells; Metastasis; Solid tumors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations Conflict of interest M.C. has received research support from Kite/Gilead, is a consultant of Alia Therapeutics and is an inventor on different patents on cancer immunotherapy and genetic engineering.

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