Multicenter Study

. 2024 Sep 20;6(10):e1156.

doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001156. eCollection 2024 Oct.

The Association Between Vasopressin and Adverse Kidney Outcomes in Children and Young Adults Requiring Vasopressors on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK) Collaborative:
Emily Ahern¹², Ayse Akcan Arikan¹³, Issa Alhamoud¹⁴, Rashid Alobaidi¹⁵, Pilar Anton-Martin¹⁶, Shanthi S Balani¹⁷, Matthew Barhight¹⁸, Abby Basalely¹⁹, Amee M Bigelow²⁰, Gabriella Bottari²¹, Andrea Cappoli²¹, Eileen A Ciccia²², Michaela Collins²³, Denise Colosimo²⁴, Gerard Cortina²⁵, Mihaela A Damian²⁶, Sara De la Mata Navazo²⁷, Gabrielle DeAbreu¹⁹, Akash Deep²⁸, Kathy L Ding²⁹, Kristin J Dolan¹³, Sarah N Fernandez Lafever²⁷, Dana Y Fuhrman³⁰, Ben Gelbart³¹, Katja M Gist²³, Stephen M Gorga³², Francesco Guzzi³³, Isabella Guzzo²¹, Taiki Haga³⁴, Elizabeth Harvey³⁵, Denise C Hasson³⁶, Taylor Hill-Horowitz¹⁹, Haleigh Inthavong¹³, Catherine Joseph¹³, Ahmad Kaddourah³⁷, Aadil Kakajiwala³⁸, Aaron D Kessel¹⁹, Sarah Korn³⁹, Kelli A Krallman²³, David M Kwiatkowski⁴⁰, Jasmine Lee³⁵, Laurance Lequier¹⁵, Tina Madani Kia¹⁵, Kenneth E Mah²⁶, Eleonora Marinari²¹, Susan D Martin⁴¹, Shina Menon⁴², Tahagod H Mohamed²⁰, Catherine Morgan¹⁵, Theresa A Mottes¹⁸, Melissa A Muff-Luett⁴³, Siva Namachivayam³¹, Tara M Neumayr²², Jennifer Nhan Md³⁸, Abigail O'Rourke¹⁹, Nicholas J Ollberding²³, Matthew G Pinto⁴⁴, Dua Qutob³⁷, Valeria Raggi²¹, Stephanie Reynaud⁴⁵, Zaccaria Ricci²⁴, Zachary A Rumlow¹⁴, María J Santiago Lozano²⁷, Emily See³¹, David T Selewski⁴⁶, Carmela Serpe²¹, Alyssa Serratore³¹, Ananya Shah²⁹, Weiwen V Shih⁴⁷, H Stella Shin⁴⁸, Cara L Slagle²³, Sonia Solomon⁴⁴, Danielle E Soranno⁴⁹, Rachana Srivastava⁵⁰, Natalja L Stanski²³, Michelle C Starr⁴⁹, Erin K Stenson⁴⁷, Amy E Strong¹⁴, Susan A Taylor²⁸, Sameer V Thadani¹³, Amanda M Uber⁴³, Brynna Van Wyk¹⁴, Tennille N Webb⁵¹, Huaiyu Zang²³, Emily E Zangla¹⁷, Michael Zappitelli⁵², T Christine, E Alvarez⁵³, Elizabeth Bixler¹³, Erica Blender Brown⁴⁶, Cheryl L Brown⁵³, Ambra Burrell⁵⁴, Anwesh Dash⁵⁵, Jennifer L Ehrlich¹⁴, Simrandeep Farma³⁵, Kim Gahring⁵⁶, Barbara Gales⁵⁷, Madison R Hilgenkamp⁵⁸, Sonal Jain⁵⁹, Kate Kanwar⁵⁴, Jennifer Lusk⁵⁶, Christopher J Meyer⁵³, Katherine Plomaritas⁶⁰, Joshua Porter⁵⁵, Jessica Potts⁵¹, Alyssa Serratore⁶¹, Elizabeth Schneider⁵⁵, Vidushi Sinha⁵⁵, P J Strack⁶², Sue Taylor²⁸, Katherine Twombley⁴⁶, Brynna Van Wyk¹⁴, Samantha Wallace⁴⁹, Janet Wang⁵⁵, Megan Woods⁵⁵, Marcia Zinger⁶³, Alison Zong⁶⁴

Affiliations

¹ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at New York University Langone Health, New York, NY.
² Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
³ Division of Biostatistics and the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
⁴ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
⁵ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Northwell Health, Cohen Children's Hospital Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY.
⁶ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
⁷ Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁸ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
⁹ Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
¹¹ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
¹² Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
¹³ Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
¹⁴ University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.
¹⁵ Univeristy of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
¹⁶ Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN.
¹⁷ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
¹⁸ Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
¹⁹ Cohen Children's Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.
²⁰ Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
²¹ Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
²² Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.
²³ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
²⁴ Meyer Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
²⁵ Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
²⁶ Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
²⁷ Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
²⁸ King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
²⁹ University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
³⁰ University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
³¹ Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
³² University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI.
³³ Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy.
³⁴ Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
³⁵ Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³⁶ NYU Langone Health, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY.
³⁷ Sidra Medicine and Weil Cornel Medicine, Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
³⁸ Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
³⁹ Westchester Medical Center, Westchester, NY.
⁴⁰ Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA.
⁴¹ Golisano Children's Hospital at University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
⁴² Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
⁴³ University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
⁴⁴ Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY.
⁴⁵ IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
⁴⁶ Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
⁴⁷ Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
⁴⁸ Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
⁴⁹ Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN.
⁵⁰ Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵¹ Children's of Alabama/University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
⁵² Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada).
⁵³ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
⁵⁴ Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
⁵⁵ University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN.
⁵⁶ Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
⁵⁷ Mattel Children Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵⁸ (University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
⁵⁹ Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
⁶⁰ University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI.
⁶¹ Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁶² Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.
⁶³ Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY.
⁶⁴ University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN).

PMID: 39318499
PMCID: PMC11419489
DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001156

Multicenter Study

The Association Between Vasopressin and Adverse Kidney Outcomes in Children and Young Adults Requiring Vasopressors on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Denise C Hasson et al. Crit Care Explor. 2024.

. 2024 Sep 20;6(10):e1156.

doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001156. eCollection 2024 Oct.

Authors

Collaborators

Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK) Collaborative:
Emily Ahern¹², Ayse Akcan Arikan¹³, Issa Alhamoud¹⁴, Rashid Alobaidi¹⁵, Pilar Anton-Martin¹⁶, Shanthi S Balani¹⁷, Matthew Barhight¹⁸, Abby Basalely¹⁹, Amee M Bigelow²⁰, Gabriella Bottari²¹, Andrea Cappoli²¹, Eileen A Ciccia²², Michaela Collins²³, Denise Colosimo²⁴, Gerard Cortina²⁵, Mihaela A Damian²⁶, Sara De la Mata Navazo²⁷, Gabrielle DeAbreu¹⁹, Akash Deep²⁸, Kathy L Ding²⁹, Kristin J Dolan¹³, Sarah N Fernandez Lafever²⁷, Dana Y Fuhrman³⁰, Ben Gelbart³¹, Katja M Gist²³, Stephen M Gorga³², Francesco Guzzi³³, Isabella Guzzo²¹, Taiki Haga³⁴, Elizabeth Harvey³⁵, Denise C Hasson³⁶, Taylor Hill-Horowitz¹⁹, Haleigh Inthavong¹³, Catherine Joseph¹³, Ahmad Kaddourah³⁷, Aadil Kakajiwala³⁸, Aaron D Kessel¹⁹, Sarah Korn³⁹, Kelli A Krallman²³, David M Kwiatkowski⁴⁰, Jasmine Lee³⁵, Laurance Lequier¹⁵, Tina Madani Kia¹⁵, Kenneth E Mah²⁶, Eleonora Marinari²¹, Susan D Martin⁴¹, Shina Menon⁴², Tahagod H Mohamed²⁰, Catherine Morgan¹⁵, Theresa A Mottes¹⁸, Melissa A Muff-Luett⁴³, Siva Namachivayam³¹, Tara M Neumayr²², Jennifer Nhan Md³⁸, Abigail O'Rourke¹⁹, Nicholas J Ollberding²³, Matthew G Pinto⁴⁴, Dua Qutob³⁷, Valeria Raggi²¹, Stephanie Reynaud⁴⁵, Zaccaria Ricci²⁴, Zachary A Rumlow¹⁴, María J Santiago Lozano²⁷, Emily See³¹, David T Selewski⁴⁶, Carmela Serpe²¹, Alyssa Serratore³¹, Ananya Shah²⁹, Weiwen V Shih⁴⁷, H Stella Shin⁴⁸, Cara L Slagle²³, Sonia Solomon⁴⁴, Danielle E Soranno⁴⁹, Rachana Srivastava⁵⁰, Natalja L Stanski²³, Michelle C Starr⁴⁹, Erin K Stenson⁴⁷, Amy E Strong¹⁴, Susan A Taylor²⁸, Sameer V Thadani¹³, Amanda M Uber⁴³, Brynna Van Wyk¹⁴, Tennille N Webb⁵¹, Huaiyu Zang²³, Emily E Zangla¹⁷, Michael Zappitelli⁵², T Christine, E Alvarez⁵³, Elizabeth Bixler¹³, Erica Blender Brown⁴⁶, Cheryl L Brown⁵³, Ambra Burrell⁵⁴, Anwesh Dash⁵⁵, Jennifer L Ehrlich¹⁴, Simrandeep Farma³⁵, Kim Gahring⁵⁶, Barbara Gales⁵⁷, Madison R Hilgenkamp⁵⁸, Sonal Jain⁵⁹, Kate Kanwar⁵⁴, Jennifer Lusk⁵⁶, Christopher J Meyer⁵³, Katherine Plomaritas⁶⁰, Joshua Porter⁵⁵, Jessica Potts⁵¹, Alyssa Serratore⁶¹, Elizabeth Schneider⁵⁵, Vidushi Sinha⁵⁵, P J Strack⁶², Sue Taylor²⁸, Katherine Twombley⁴⁶, Brynna Van Wyk¹⁴, Samantha Wallace⁴⁹, Janet Wang⁵⁵, Megan Woods⁵⁵, Marcia Zinger⁶³, Alison Zong⁶⁴

Affiliations

¹ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at New York University Langone Health, New York, NY.
² Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
³ Division of Biostatistics and the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
⁴ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
⁵ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Northwell Health, Cohen Children's Hospital Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY.
⁶ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
⁷ Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁸ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
⁹ Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
¹¹ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
¹² Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
¹³ Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
¹⁴ University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA.
¹⁵ Univeristy of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
¹⁶ Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN.
¹⁷ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
¹⁸ Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
¹⁹ Cohen Children's Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY.
²⁰ Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
²¹ Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
²² Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.
²³ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
²⁴ Meyer Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
²⁵ Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
²⁶ Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
²⁷ Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
²⁸ King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
²⁹ University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
³⁰ University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
³¹ Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
³² University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI.
³³ Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy.
³⁴ Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
³⁵ Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³⁶ NYU Langone Health, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY.
³⁷ Sidra Medicine and Weil Cornel Medicine, Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
³⁸ Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
³⁹ Westchester Medical Center, Westchester, NY.
⁴⁰ Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA.
⁴¹ Golisano Children's Hospital at University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
⁴² Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
⁴³ University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
⁴⁴ Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY.
⁴⁵ IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
⁴⁶ Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
⁴⁷ Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
⁴⁸ Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
⁴⁹ Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN.
⁵⁰ Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵¹ Children's of Alabama/University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
⁵² Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada).
⁵³ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
⁵⁴ Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
⁵⁵ University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN.
⁵⁶ Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
⁵⁷ Mattel Children Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵⁸ (University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
⁵⁹ Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
⁶⁰ University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI.
⁶¹ Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁶² Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.
⁶³ Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY.
⁶⁴ University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN).

PMID: 39318499
PMCID: PMC11419489
DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001156

Abstract

Objectives: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and shock are both associated with high morbidity and mortality in the ICU. Adult data suggest renoprotective effects of vasopressin vs. catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine). We aimed to determine whether vasopressin use during CRRT was associated with improved kidney outcomes in children and young adults.

Design: Secondary analysis of Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK), a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Neonatal, cardiac, PICUs at 34 centers internationally from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021.

Patients/subjects: Patients younger than 25 years receiving CRRT for acute kidney injury and/or fluid overload and requiring vasopressors. Patients receiving vasopressin were compared with patients receiving only norepinephrine/epinephrine. The impact of timing of vasopressin relative to CRRT start was assessed by categorizing patients as: early (on or before day 0), intermediate (days 1-2), and late (days 3-7).

Interventions: None.

Measurements and main results: Of 1016 patients, 665 (65%) required vasopressors in the first week of CRRT. Of 665, 248 (37%) received vasopressin, 473 (71%) experienced Major Adverse Kidney Events at 90 days (MAKE-90) (death, renal replacement therapy dependence, and/or > 125% increase in serum creatinine from baseline 90 days from CRRT initiation), and 195 (29%) liberated from CRRT on the first attempt within 28 days. Receipt of vasopressin was associated with higher odds of MAKE-90 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.20-2.71; p = 0.005) but not liberation success. In the vasopressin group, intermediate/late initiation was associated with higher odds of MAKE-90 (aOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.17-6.11; p = 0.02) compared with early initiation.

Conclusions: Nearly two-thirds of children and young adults receiving CRRT required vasopressors, including over one-third who received vasopressin. Receipt of vasopressin was associated with more MAKE-90, although earlier initiation in those who received it appears beneficial. Prospective studies are needed to understand the appropriate timing, dose, and subpopulation for use of vasopressin.

Keywords: Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease; acute kidney injury; dialysis; vasoactives; vasopressor.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Stanski received funding from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (K23GM151444-01). Dr. Gist is a consultant for BioPorto Diagnostics and Potrero Medical; she received funding from the Gerber Foundation. Dr. Stenson received funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Development (K12HD047349). Dr. Ollberding serves as a consultant for SeaStar Medical. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1.**
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials flow diagram. CRRT = continuous renal replacement therapy, VA = vasopressin, WE-ROCK = Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease.

**Figure 2.**
Median daily percent change in Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS) by timing of vasopressin initiation (early, intermediate, or late) in all patients receiving vasopressin (VA group). CRRT = continuous renal replacement therapy.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Kaddourah A, Basu RK, Bagshaw SM, et al. ; AWARE Investigators: Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill children and young adults. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:11–20 - PMC - PubMed
1. Riley AA, Watson M, Smith C, et al. : Pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy: Have practice changes changed outcomes? A large single-center ten-year retrospective evaluation. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:268. - PMC - PubMed
1. Sutherland SM, Zappitelli M, Alexander SR, et al. : Fluid overload and mortality in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: The prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55:316–325 - PubMed
1. Goldstein SL, Currier H, Graf Cd, et al. : Outcome in children receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Pediatrics 2001; 107:1309–1312 - PubMed
1. Basu RK, Zappitelli M, Brunner L, et al. : Derivation and validation of the renal angina index to improve the prediction of acute kidney injury in critically ill children. Kidney Int 2014; 85:659–667 - PMC - PubMed

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The Association Between Vasopressin and Adverse Kidney Outcomes in Children and Young Adults Requiring Vasopressors on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Collaborators

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The Association Between Vasopressin and Adverse Kidney Outcomes in Children and Young Adults Requiring Vasopressors on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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