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Observational Study
. 2024 Sep 9:12:1400236.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1400236. eCollection 2024.

Incidence and risk factors of severe acute high-altitude illness in healthy adults first entering the northern Tibetan Plateau of over 5,000 m

Chun Gao  1   2 , Guo-Dong Qi  3 , Dan Wang  4 , Zhao-Hui Zhang  2 , Zhong-Xing Liu  5 , Rui-Dong Ge  6 , Zong Yong  7 , Li-E Yan  8
Affiliations
Observational Study

Incidence and risk factors of severe acute high-altitude illness in healthy adults first entering the northern Tibetan Plateau of over 5,000 m

Chun Gao et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Our study was designed to determine the incidence and risk factors of severe acute high-altitude illness (AHAI) in healthy adults first entering the northern Tibetan Plateau of over 5,000 m.

Methods: In our prospective observational study, we enrolled 500 people who were scheduled for fast ascension to the northern Tibetan Plateau. The primary outcome variable was severe AHAI, defined as the presence of serious symptoms that could not be ameliorated by general treatment and required evacuation to lower altitudes. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a cohort of 383 healthy people was included in the statistical analysis. We calculated the incidence of severe AHAI, identified the risk factors, and the differences in the most severe symptoms experienced.

Results: Sixty-eight people were diagnosed with severe AHAI, and the incidence was 17.8%. Compared to individuals without severe AHAI, those with severe AHAI were more likely to be over the age of 40 years, of Han Chinese nationality, and living at an altitude of <1,500 m. They were less likely to belong to the Yi nationality, had a lower altitude of permanent residence, and exhibited decreased levels of lymphocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the mean altitude of permanent residence [per kilometer, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.464; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.304-0.708; p < 0.001] and lymphocyte count (AOR = 0.606; 95% CI, 0.378-0.970; p = 0.037) were the independent risk factors. Headache and dyspnea ranked in the top two of the most severe symptoms for people with severe AHAI.

Conclusion: Living at lower altitudes and having a decreased lymphocyte level were the risk factors of severe AHAI in healthy adults first entering the plateau of over 5,000 m.

Keywords: acute high-altitude illness; healthy adults; incidence; northern Tibetan Plateau; risk factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

G-DQ was employed by China National Petroleum Corporation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Screening chart of people enrolled in our study. AHAI, acute high-altitude illness.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk factors of severe AHAI by multivariable analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentages of most severe symptoms of people with and without severe AHAI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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