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. 2024 Sep;18(9):e70007.
doi: 10.1111/irv.70007.

Influenza Epidemiology and Vaccine Effectiveness Following Funded Influenza Vaccine in Queensland, Australia, 2022

Ashish C Shrestha  1   2 , Emma Field  2 , Dharshi Thangarajah  3 , Ross Andrews  1   2 , Robert S Ware  4 , Stephen B Lambert  1   2   5
Affiliations

Influenza Epidemiology and Vaccine Effectiveness Following Funded Influenza Vaccine in Queensland, Australia, 2022

Ashish C Shrestha et al. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Background: In 2022, publicly funded influenza vaccine was made available to all residents of Queensland, Australia. This study compared influenza epidemiology in 2022 with previous years (2017-2021) and estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during 2022.

Methods: The study involved a descriptive analysis of influenza notifications and a case-control study to estimate VE. Cases were notifications of laboratory-confirmed influenza, and controls were individuals who were test negative for COVID-19. Cases and controls were matched on age, postcode and specimen collection date. VE against hospitalisation was investigated by matching hospitalised cases to controls. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for sex.

Results: In 2022, Queensland experienced an early influenza season onset (April-May) and high case numbers (n = 45,311), compared to the previous 5 years (annual average: 29,364) and 2020-2021 (2020:6047; 2021:301) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adjusted VE (VEadj) against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37-41), highest for children aged 30 months to < 5 years (61%, 95% CI: 49-70) and lowest for adults aged ≥ 65 years (24%, 95% CI: 17-30). VEadj against influenza-associated hospitalisation was 54% (95% CI: 48-59). Among children < 9 years of age, VEadj against laboratory-confirmed influenza (55%, 95% CI: 49-61) and hospitalisation (67%, 95% CI: 39-82) was higher in those who received a complete dose schedule.

Conclusion: In Queensland, the 2022 influenza season started earlier than the previous 5 years. VE against influenza notifications varied across age groups. VE estimates against influenza-associated hospitalisation were higher than those against laboratory-confirmed influenza.

Keywords: Australia; Queensland; flu; influenza; influenza vaccine; vaccine effectiveness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Laboratory‐confirmed influenza notifications by month and week of episode date, Queensland, 2017–2022.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Laboratory‐confirmed influenza notification rate by year and age, Queensland, 2017–2022.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Case and control enrolment and matching on age, postcode, and specimen collection for VE estimates against laboratory‐confirmed influenza, 1 May 2022 to 31 October 2022.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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