Profile of the acutely admitted geriatric patient

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of age-related physiological impairments and conditions may influence clinical practice protocols on care delivery, risk assessment and current facilities. We aimed to characterise the acutely admitted geriatric patient using medical records and comprehensive assessments performed within 24 hours of admission.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 65 years were included from the acute ward at Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark, (n = 1,071). Body composition was investigated using bioelectrical impedance analyses. Physical function was assessed using handgrip strength and sit-to-stand ability. Cognitive impairment and malnutrition were assessed using questionnaires. Self-reported fall incidents within the year leading up to the admission were obtained. Clinical information was obtained from medical records.

Results: Severe comorbidity and polypharmacy were present in 58% and 73% of the cohort, respectively, with men showing a higher prevalence of severe comorbidity. Moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment and risk of severe malnourishment were present in 27% of the patients. Low muscle mass and muscle strength were present in 33% and 47% of the patients, respectively, and low muscle strength was more prevalent in men than women. More than 50% of the patients had fallen within the past year.

Conclusions: Along with highly prevalent multimorbidity and polypharmacy, we demonstrate that a substantial number of patients are cognitively and functionally impaired, are malnourished and have low muscle mass. Thus, they are at high risk of falls and deconditioning during hospitalisation.

Funding: This work was supported by funding from the Novo Nordisk Foundation; grant number NNF18OC0052826.

Trial registration: Not relevant.