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. 2024 Aug 25;16(8):e67769.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.67769. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Comprehensive Classification System for Localized Alveolar Bone Deficiencies in Treatment Planning for Dental Implants: A Proposed Classification and Prevalence Study

Abhay Kolte  1 , Rajashri Kolte  1 , Pranjali Bawankar  1 , Prachi R Rathi  1 , Shreya Warkad  1 , Pavan Bajaj  2 , Prasad Dhadse  2
Affiliations

Comprehensive Classification System for Localized Alveolar Bone Deficiencies in Treatment Planning for Dental Implants: A Proposed Classification and Prevalence Study

Abhay Kolte et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Introduction The current classification of alveolar bone defects remains ambiguous. This study aims to classify and evaluate the prevalence of bone deformities using a comprehensive classification system for localized alveolar bone deficiencies in dental implant treatment planning. Methods This cross-sectional prospective clinical trial included 698 participants (353 females and 345 males), patients with localized alveolar bone deficiencies. The clinical parameters evaluated were keratinized tissue width (KTW) and gingival thickness (GT) at the edentulous site. The width and height of alveolar bone deficiency at the site of implant placement were measured as horizontal deficiency (HD) and vertical deficiency (VD). Results Out of 698 patients, 566 (81.10%) had Subclass A horizontal deficiencies (HD), 99 (14.20%) had Subclass B HD, and 33 (4.70%) had Subclass C HD. Regarding vertical deficiencies (VD), 426 (61%) had Class I VD, 222 (31.80%) had Class II VD, and 50 (7.20%) had Class III VD. Younger individuals (20-30 years) predominantly exhibited Subclass A HD, whereas older participants (above 50 years) showed more severe deficiencies (Subclass B and C HD, and Class II and III VD). Gender analysis indicated no significant difference in HD prevalence but a significant difference in VD, with males more commonly presenting Class I VD and females exhibiting more Class II VD. Conclusion The study reveals significant associations between age and both HD and VD, indicating that older individuals tend to have more severe deficiencies. The study's findings underscore the importance of the proposed classification system in accurately identifying alveolar bone deficiencies and guiding appropriate treatment strategies, thereby improving clinical outcomes in dental implant therapy.

Keywords: alveolar ridge; atrophy; classification; dental implants; prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee, VSPM (Vidya Shikshan Prasarak Mandal) Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur issued approval IEC/VSPMDCRC/05/2022, dated January 15, 2022. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Percentage distribution of horizontal deficiencies in different age groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Percentage distribution of vertical deficiencies in different age groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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