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. 2025 Jun 17;110(7):2016-2023.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae569.

Association of Maternal Short Sleep Duration With Neurodevelopmental Delay in Offspring: A Prospective Cohort Study

Lei Zhang  1   2   3   4 , Hai-Xia Wang  1   2   3   4 , Wen-Xiang Li  1 , Yuan-Yuan Zhu  1   2   4 , Rui-Rui Ma  1   2   4 , Yu-Hong Wang  1   2   4 , Yu Zhang  5   6   7 , Dao-Min Zhu  5   6   7 , Peng Zhu  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Association of Maternal Short Sleep Duration With Neurodevelopmental Delay in Offspring: A Prospective Cohort Study

Lei Zhang et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. .

Abstract

Context: To investigate how short sleep duration (SSD) during pregnancy is related to neurodevelopmental delays in offspring, we aimed to inform pregnancy sleep guidelines and promote maternal health and child development.

Objective: To identify the associations between SSD during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental delay and to determine whether fetal glucose metabolism plays a role in SSD and neurodevelopmental delays.

Methods: This cohort study followed 7059 mother-child pairs from the Maternal & Infants Health in Hefei cohort, and collected sleep data during pregnancy via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at weeks 24 to 28 and 32 to 36. Neurodevelopmental outcomes from 6 to 36 months postpartum were assessed via the Denver Developmental Screening Test-II and the Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the link between maternal SSD and neurodevelopmental delay risk. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the role of cord blood serum C-peptide levels. Three hospitals and children's health centers in Hefei were involved.

Results: The stratified analysis revealed a significant association between mothers with SSD during midpregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay in boys (adjusted HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.29, 3.25). Cord blood marker analysis revealed a positive relationship between cord blood serum C-peptide levels and neurodevelopmental delay in offspring (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.00, 0.08). The proportion of the association between SSD and neurodevelopmental delay mediated by cord blood C-peptide was 11.05%.

Conclusion: Maternal SSD during pregnancy was continuously associated with an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental delay with sex differences among offspring. This association may be mediated in part by increased higher levels of cord C-peptide.

Keywords: neurodevelopmental delay; offspring; pregnancy; sex differences; short sleep duration.

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