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. 2024 Aug;17(8):1828-1835.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1828-1835. Epub 2024 Aug 20.

Rabies surveillance and prevention in Guinea: Epidemiological data and postexposure prophylaxis challenges

Aissatou Touré  1   2 , Madi Savadogo  2   3   4   5 , Mohamed Idriss Doumbouya  1   2 , Fassou Kourouma  1 , Pépé Gbamou  1 , Zékiba Tarnagda  3 , Rianatou Bada-Alambedji  2
Affiliations

Rabies surveillance and prevention in Guinea: Epidemiological data and postexposure prophylaxis challenges

Aissatou Touré et al. Vet World. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Background and aim: Canine rabies is an endemic form of zoonosis and represents a major public health threat in Guinea, similar to other African countries. However, few investigations on the epidemiology of rabies in animals and humans have been conducted, and evidence-based data required to inform health policies remain inadequate. This study was conducted to update our knowledge of human dog-mediated rabies epidemiology and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility-related factors in Guinea.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study, conducted from January 2018 to December 2020, collected data on animal bite cases, veterinary observations, rabies diagnoses through fluorescent antibody test, and PEP delivery from three veterinary and medical entities. Statistical analysis utilized Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test to evaluate relationships between variables.

Results: An average of 775 bites was recorded annually, and dogs were responsible for 98% of bites. However, only 64% of the biting dogs were under veterinary observation as required for integrated bite case management. Regarding the geographical distribution of bite cases, the entire country was affected, with the highest number of bites recorded in the prefectures of Nzérékoré and the special zone of Conakry. In addition, the laboratory diagnosis of brain samples from biting dogs indicated that 72% of the samples were rabies-positive. However, regarding prevention, only 58% of the bitten individuals received full PEP.

Conclusion: Improving disease surveillance and PEP provision for dog-transmitted rabies is crucial to preventing human cases and deaths. Increasing community awareness is essential for enhancing dog vaccination and PEP utilization. A national action plan integrating stakeholders for controlling canine rabies should be developed for effective One Health collaboration.

Keywords: Guinea; animal bite management; cats; cattle; dogs; fluorescent antibody test; humans; monkeys; rabies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
Geographical situation of the 33 prefectures and the special administrative area of Conakry covered by this study (Source: https://gadm.org/maps/GIN_1.html).
Figure-2
Figure-2
Geographical distribution of bite cases in Guinea from 2018 to 2020 (Source: https://gadm.org/maps/GIN_1.html).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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