An Enhanced IDBO-CNN-BiLSTM Model for Sentiment Analysis of Natural Disaster Tweets

Abstract

The Internet's development has prompted social media to become an essential channel for disseminating disaster-related information. Increasing the accuracy of emotional polarity recognition in tweets is conducive to the government or rescue organizations understanding the public's demands and responding appropriately. Existing sentiment analysis models have some limitations of applicability. Therefore, this research proposes an IDBO-CNN-BiLSTM model combining the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm and deep learning methods. First, the Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO) algorithm is improved by adopting the Latin hypercube sampling, integrating the Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA), and introducing an adaptive Gaussian-Cauchy mixture mutation disturbance. The improved DBO (IDBO) algorithm is then utilized to optimize the Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) model's hyperparameters. Finally, the IDBO-CNN-BiLSTM model is constructed to classify the emotional tendencies of tweets associated with the Hurricane Harvey event. The empirical analysis indicates that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 0.8033, outperforming other single and hybrid models. In contrast with the GWO, WOA, and DBO algorithms, the accuracy is enhanced by 2.89%, 2.82%, and 2.72%, respectively. This study proves that the IDBO-CNN-BiLSTM model can be applied to assist emergency decision-making in natural disasters.

Keywords: DBO algorithm; deep learning; emergency management; natural disaster tweets; sentiment analysis; social media.

Figure 1

The architecture of the IDBO-CNN-BiLSTM model.

Figure 2

Comparison of two initialization methods.

Figure 3

The structure of the BiLSTM network.

Figure 4

The number of two sentiment labels.

Figure 5

The comparison of accuracy.

Figure 6

The comparison of confusion matrices for single models: (a) CNN; (b) RNN; (c) GRU; (d) LSTM; (e) BiLSTM.

Figure 7

The comparison of confusion matrices for hybrid models: (a) CNN-BiLSTM; (b) GWO-CNN-BiLSTM; (c) WOA-CNN-BiLSTM; (d) DBO-CNN-BiLSTM; (e) IDBO-CNN-BiLSTM.