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. 2024 Sep 14;14(18):1496.
doi: 10.3390/nano14181496.

The Light Wavelength, Intensity, and Biasing Voltage Dependency of the Dark and Photocurrent Densities of a Solution-Processed P3HT:PC61BM Photodetector for Sensing Applications

Farjana Akter Jhuma  1 , Kentaro Harada  2 , Muhamad Affiq Bin Misran  1 , Hin-Wai Mo  2 , Hiroshi Fujimoto  2 , Reiji Hattori  1
Affiliations

The Light Wavelength, Intensity, and Biasing Voltage Dependency of the Dark and Photocurrent Densities of a Solution-Processed P3HT:PC61BM Photodetector for Sensing Applications

Farjana Akter Jhuma et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

The promising possibility of an organic photodetector (OPD) is emerging in the field of sensing applications for its tunable absorption range, flexibility, and large-scale fabrication abilities. In this work, we fabricated a bulk heterojunction OPD with a device structure of glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PC61BM/Al using the spin-coating process and characterized the dark and photocurrent densities at different applied bias conditions for red, green, and blue incident LEDs. The OPD photocurrent density exhibited a magnitude up to 2.5-3 orders higher compared to the dark current density at a -1 V bias while it increased by up to 3-4 orders at zero bias conditions for red, green, and blue lights, showing an increasing trend when a higher voltage is applied in the negative direction. Different OPD inner periphery shapes, the OPD to LED distance, and OPD area were also considered to bring the variation in the OPD dark and photocurrent densities, which can affect the on/off ratio of the OPD-LED hybrid system and is a critical phenomenon for any sensing application.

Keywords: LED; dark current density; on/off ratio; organic photodetector; photocurrent density.

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Conflict of interest statement

Kentaro Harada, Hin-Wai Mo and Hiroshi Fujimoto are employed by the company OPERA Solutions Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic of J–V measurement setup for OPD. (b) Actual image of parameter analyzer and micro-probing system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Schematic of OPD device structure; (b) energy level diagram of OPD layers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) A schematic of the structure and actual image of the fabricated D1 device. (b) The J–V characteristics of the D1 device.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Photocurrent versus incident wavelength for prepared P3HT:PC61BM OPD device.
Figure 5
Figure 5
OPD photocurrent density vs. LED luminous intensity curves with applied reverse bias condition for (a) red LED, (b) green LED, and (c) blue LED.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) A schematic of the structure and the image of the fabricated D2 device. (b) The J–V characteristics of the D2 device. (c–e) A comparison of the on/off ratio between the D1 and D2 devices for red, green, and blue LEDs, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) A schematic of the structure and the image of the fabricated D2 device. (b) The J–V characteristics of the D2 device. (c–e) A comparison of the on/off ratio between the D1 and D2 devices for red, green, and blue LEDs, respectively.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a,b) Schematics of the structures and images of the fabricated devices D3 (l = 0 mm) and D4 (l = 1.15 mm), respectively; (c,d) the J–V characteristics of devices D3 and D4, respectively.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a–c) Comparison of on/off ratio between D1 (l = 0.65 mm), D3 (l = 0 mm), and D4 (l = 1.15 mm) for red, green, and blue LEDs, respectively.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) A schematic of the structure and images of the fabricated D5 device. (b) The J–V characteristics of the D5 device. (c–e) A comparison of the on/off ratio between devices D1 and D5 for red, green, and blue LEDs, respectively.
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