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. 2024 Sep 23;8(3):57.
doi: 10.3390/vision8030057.

Comparison between Different Visual Acuity Tests and Validation of a Digital Device

Blanca Montori  1 , Teresa Pérez Roche  2   3 , Maria Vilella  4 , Estela López  1 , Adrián Alejandre  4 , Xian Pan  4 , Marta Ortín  4 , Marta Lacort  4 , Victoria Pueyo  2   3
Affiliations

Comparison between Different Visual Acuity Tests and Validation of a Digital Device

Blanca Montori et al. Vision (Basel). .

Abstract

Purpose: To compare different visual acuity (VA) tests (printed and digital, symbols and letters) and to validate a new device for VA testing called DIVE (Devices for an Integral Visual Examination).

Methods: VA was tested in a wide spectrum of adult people with printed tests (ETDRS and LEA Symbols) and with two implemented tests in DIVE (HOTV and DIVE Symbols). We measured agreement between the different VA tests using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman method. In addition, we measured the repeatability of all tests.

Results: Right eyes from 51 adult participants were included in the study. Correlation between tests was high (ICC from 0.95 to 0.97). Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement among the different tests, with differences within reasonable clinical limits. However, slightly better VA values were obtained with DIVE HOTV and ETDRS, followed by LEA and DIVE Symbols. ETDRS had the best repeatability.

Conclusion: The four evaluated VA tests provide comparable outcomes. In an adult sample, letter optotypes obtained better VA values than symbol optotypes. DIVE VA tests are reliable and well-correlated with printed VA tests.

Keywords: ETDRS; HOTV; LEA symbols; digital devices; validation; visual acuity; visual testing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors Pueyo V. and Ortin M. are cofounders of the Dive Medical S.L., while Alejandre A., Pan X., Lacort M., and Vilella M. are working for that company. Pérez Roche T., Montori B., and López E. have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
DIVE Symbols.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bland–Altman graphics for tests comparison.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Repeatability of the tests.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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