Accurate Preoperative Localization of Thoracolumbar Disc Extrusion in Dogs: A Prospective Controlled Study

Abstract

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a very common cause of spinal cord compression in dogs. The errors of human surgeons operating on the wrong level or wrong side is a recognized problem and has been largely analyzed. To date, little information is available regarding these errors in dogs. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of disc localization prior to possible surgery for IVDD to ensure the surgeon begins their incision directly over the extruded disc. Eighty-five chondrodystrophic or brachycephalic dogs that presented with IVDD confirmed by CT or MRI scan were included in the study. Two small Backhaus clamps were placed cranial and caudal to the lesion site and a control clamp placed at the wing of the ilium. The main interest was whether the surgeon was able to preoperatively pinpoint the correct site for the surgery. Dorsoventral radiographs were taken to verify by another person if the clamps had been placed in the correct position. If the result was incorrect, the surgeon was asked to try again without knowing that the clamps were incorrect, and another radiograph was taken. This was repeated until the position was correct. The results were recorded as correct or incorrect and the number of attempts were registered. The results suggested no significant trend over time for any of the outcomes examined. There were some slight improvements over time, but none of the results was close to statistical significance. The findings of the study showed that in the thoracolumbar region the surgeon has a higher chance of incorrectly marking the exact site for surgery.

Keywords: disc disease; dogs; error; thoracolumbar.

Figure 1

Transversal CT scan image showing a L1-L2 herniated disc.