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. 2024 Sep 14;11(9):436.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci11090436.

Isolation, Genomic Characterization and Evolution of Six Porcine Rotavirus A Strains in a Pig Farming Group

Zhendong Zhang  1   2 , Chengyue Wu  3 , Yue Chen  1 , Yubo Li  1   2 , Duo Li  1   2 , Wenqiang Wang  1 , Wei Wen  1 , Zhenbang Zhu  1 , Xiangdong Li  1
Affiliations

Isolation, Genomic Characterization and Evolution of Six Porcine Rotavirus A Strains in a Pig Farming Group

Zhendong Zhang et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) is a significant enteric pathogen causing gastroenteritis in piglets, which causes huge economic loss to the Chinese pig industry. In this study, six porcine rotavirus A strains were isolated from three adjacent sow farms belonging to the same company within one year, which suffered severe diarrhea outbreaks. AHBZ2303 (G11P[7]) and AHBZ2305 (G9P[23]), AHBZ2304 (G9P[23]) and AHBZ2312 (G4P[6]), AHBZ2310 (G9P[23]) and AHBZ2402 (G5P[23]) were isolated from Farm A, B and C, respectively. All six isolates were related to human rotavirus through complete genome analysis, suggesting the potential cross-species infection between humans and pigs. Evolutionary analysis revealed that AHBZ2303 and AHBZ2304 likely emerged simultaneously in Farm A and B, and then AHBZ2304 was introduced to Farm A and C, leading to the emergence of AHBZ2305 and AHBZ2310. Recombination and large variation were identified for AHBZ2312 and AHBZ2402. These findings provided insights into the transmission and evolution of PoRV among farms and underscored the need for enhanced monitoring to mitigate the risk of outbreaks from novel variants.

Keywords: evolution; genetic diversity; porcine group A rotavirus; reassortment; recombination; transmission.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Isolation and identification of six porcine rotavirus A strains. Cytopathic effects (CPE) infected with the six isolates and immunostaining (green) analysis of VP6 protein in MA104 cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenic trees of the six isolates and other representative strains. The phylogenic trees of (A–K) were constructed based on the VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 genes by MEGA X using the neighbor–joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrap replicates, respectively. The strains isolated from Farm A are labeled with black box. The strains isolated from Farm B are labeled with black circles. The strains isolated from Farm C are labeled with black triangles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenic trees of the six isolates and other representative strains. The phylogenic trees of (A–K) were constructed based on the VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 genes by MEGA X using the neighbor–joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrap replicates, respectively. The strains isolated from Farm A are labeled with black box. The strains isolated from Farm B are labeled with black circles. The strains isolated from Farm C are labeled with black triangles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Recombination analysis of VP7 (A), VP1 (B), and VP3 (C) gene of AHBZ2402. Comparisons of genetic similarity between recombinant and potential parental segments were made using SimPlot.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Neutralizing epitopes on the VP7 (A) and VP4 (B) proteins in different strains. The different letters mean the amino acids and the “×” represents the deletion of the amino acids, “*” represent the same amino acids.
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