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. 2024 Sep-Oct;28(5):103872.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103872. Epub 2024 Sep 24.

Occurrence of sporotrichosis in Belém, Pará, Brazil: a metaphor for unsustainable socioeconomic development

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Occurrence of sporotrichosis in Belém, Pará, Brazil: a metaphor for unsustainable socioeconomic development

Nelson Veiga Gonçalves et al. Braz J Infect Dis. 2024 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a fungal anthropozoonosis that has become a major public health problem in tropical countries. With that in mind, this study analyzed the relationship between this disease and demographic, socioeconomic and public health issues in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil, from 2020 to 2022. This ecological and cross-sectional study used data from the Belém Zoonosis Control Center, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Health Ministry. Descriptive and spatial analyses were performed employing significance statistical, kernel, buffer and Moran techniques. One hundred sporotrichosis cases in cats and 49 in humans were analyzed. The results showed that the individuals most affected were women (61.22 %), adults (87.76 %), with the cutaneous form (95.92 %), diagnosed histopathologically (38.78 %), still undergoing treatment (46.94 %) and that the form of contagion was through cat scratches or bites (73.47 %). The profile also showed quantitative significance of ignored data related to treatment (65.31 %) and cat presence at home (63.27 %). The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution with very high densities in Campina de Icoaraci, Águas Negras and Parque Guajará. Those neighborhoods presented a very low Living Conditions Index and precarious services and health centers. The spatial dependence between the environmental and socioeconomic studied variables evidenced the establishment of an active transmission circuit for sporotrichosis in peripheral areas of the city, related to health inequalities with an underlying possible epidemiological silence, suggesting the need for expanding One Health public policies, aiming the sustainable development.

Keywords: Living conditions index; Public health; Spatial analysis; Sporotrichosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig. 1
Spatial distribution of human and feline sporotrichosis and health units, in the neighborhoods of Belém, Pará State, Brazil, from 2020 to 2022.
Fig 2
Fig. 2
Density of human cases of sporotrichosis and living conditions index (LCI), in the neighborhoods of Belém, Pará State, Brazil, from 2020 to 2022.

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