The association between aspects of expressive suppression emotion regulation strategy and rumination traits: a network analysis approach

Abstract

Expressive suppression is an abnormal emotion regulation strategy, and its relationship with rumination traits is unclear. In this study with 395 participants in China (33.9% female, Mean age = 21.22, SD = 2.11), we estimated the association between expressive suppression and rumination traits, using the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) respectively. Considering there may be complex correlations between different behavioral symptoms of expressive suppression ("Keeping emotions to myself", "Inhibiting positive emotion responses", "Controlling emotions by not expressing them", "Inhibiting negative emotion responses") and different subtypes of rumination traits, this study employed a symptom-based network analysis method to uncover the differential association between rumination traits and expressive suppression, and the key symptoms linking the two. The study found the S3 node (Controlling emotions by not expressing them) had significant positive correlations with symptom rumination, brooding, and reflective pondering. Among the network, the S3 node acts as a bridge between two variables. This suggests that interventions targeting the S3 symptom may improve rumination traits. The present study was a cross-sectional study with limitations in revealing the causal relationships between expression suppression and rumination traits. Future studies could employ longitudinal tracing methods to explore the relationship between them.

Keywords: Emotion regulation strategy; Expressive suppression; Network analysis; Rumination.

Fig. 1

(a) Network structure of rumination trait and expressive suppression. Blue edges represent positive partial correlations, red edges represent negative partial correlations. The thickness of the edge reflects the magnitude of the correlation. Cut value = 0.1. (b) Bridge expected influence values. This centrality plot within the network indicates the BEI for each variable. S3 dot (“Controlling emotions by not expressing them”) denote the bridge nodes