Gout comorbidities: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Objectives: Gout is associated with several comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in the Korean adult population with gout and investigated the association of gout with these comorbidities.

Methods: Data from 15,935 (weighted n = 39,049,167) participants aged 19 years and older in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2021 were used for analysis. Weighted prevalence and odds ratios (OR) of comorbidities in individuals with gout were compared to a non-gout population.

Results: The weighted prevalence of gout was 2.1% (weighted n = 808,778). Among individuals with gout, 66.5% had metabolic syndrome, 54.9% had hypertension, 41.2% had hypercholesterolemia, 19.1% had diabetes, 13.5% had chronic kidney disease (CKD), 4.1% had myocardial infarction or angina, 3.8% had stroke, and 2.8% had rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, gout was independently associated with the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (male OR = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-2.8; female OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5-9.2), hypercholesterolemia (male OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.5; female OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3-7.5), CKD (male OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.7-7.3; female OR = 11.5, 95% CI: 4.1-32.1), and RA (male OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.1; female OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1-8.7) compared to the non-gout population.

Conclusions: Gout was associated with several comorbidities, including RA, in both males and females. These results suggest that the prevention and treatment of comorbidities at the individual level, carried out by clinicians, and knowledge of these comorbidities would help guide health policies for the Korean population.

Keywords: Comorbidity; Gout.