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. 2024 Aug 23;11(9):1035.
doi: 10.3390/children11091035.

Assessment of the Circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 Levels and P53 Expression as a Predictor of Relapse in Pediatric Patients with Wilms Tumor and Hypernephroma

Heba A Sahyon  1 , Nadaa S Alharbi  2   3 , Zummar Asad  2 , Mohamed A El Shishtawy  4 , Safaa A Derbala  5
Affiliations

Assessment of the Circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 Levels and P53 Expression as a Predictor of Relapse in Pediatric Patients with Wilms Tumor and Hypernephroma

Heba A Sahyon et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common form of pediatric renal tumor, accounting for over 90% of cases followed by hypernephroma. Some pediatric patients with WT (10%) experience relapse or metastasis and have poor survival rates. PD-L1 assists cancer cells in escaping damage from the immune system. P53 mutations are found in relapsed WT tumor samples. We hypothesized that testing circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 and P53 expression levels could offer a simple method to predict patient relapse and explore novel treatments for pediatric WTs and hypernephroma. Methods: Flow cytometric detection of cPD-1, cPD-L1, and P53 expression in relapsed and in-remission WT and hypernephroma before and after one year of chemotherapy was performed. Results: Our data shows increased levels of cPD-L1 in relapsed pediatric patients with WT or hypernephroma before and after chemotherapy. There were also slight and significant increases in cPD-1 levels in relapsed groups before chemotherapy. Additionally, we observed significant decreases in P53 expression after one year of chemotherapy in relapsed pediatric patients. Conclusions: Our study found that circulating PD-L1 can be used as a predictor marker for WT and hypernephroma relapse. In conclusion, these circulating markers can assist in monitoring relapse in WT and hypernephroma patients without the need for several biopsies.

Keywords: P53; PD-1; PD-L1; Wilms tumor; hypernephroma; pediatric renal tumor; relapse.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Circulating PD-1, PD-L1, and P53 expression levels before and after one year of chemotherapy between in-remission and relapse groups. # p ≤ 0.05 represents a significant difference compared to relapsed group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in relapsed and in-remission study groups before and after one year of chemotherapy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Circulating PD-1, PD-L1, and P53 expression correlations to kidney tumor stage in WT (A,C,E) and hypernephroma (B,D,F) groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
P53 expression levels in relapsed and in-remission study groups before and after one year of chemotherapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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