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. 2024 Sep 12;13(18):5416.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13185416.

Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarker in Encephalitis

Sven Wellmann  1 , Tobias Geis  1 , Jens Kuhle  2 , Verena Lehnerer  1
Affiliations

Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarker in Encephalitis

Sven Wellmann et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Inflammation of the brain is called encephalitis and may result in acute and chronic brain damage. Encephalitis can be caused by various pathogens, especially neurotropic viruses, or can occur in the context of autoimmune diseases. Encephalitis is often difficult to diagnose and to monitor precisely during the course of the disease. Thanks to highly specific detection technology, components of the neuron skeleton, such as neurofilaments, can now be reliably quantified in the peripheral blood besides cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Among them, neurofilament light chain (NfL) has demonstrated wide utility due to high preanalytical stability, robust diagnostic technology, and excellent reproducibility. We provide an overview of how NfL has advanced diagnostics in encephalitis and outline future avenues in research needs and possible clinical applicability of NfL in adults and children.

Keywords: NfL; brain; children; encephalitis; neurofilament; neuron.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Neurofilament from neuronal scaffold to biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) percentiles derived from a pediatric cohort aged 0 to 20 years and from an adult cohort aged 20 to 60 years [8,12].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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