Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep 12;25(18):9871.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25189871.

Antibacterial and Antitumoral Potentials of Phytosynthesized Silver/Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Using Tomato Flower Waste

Simona Marcu Spinu  1 , Mihaela Dragoi Cudalbeanu  1 , Ionela Avram  2 , Radu Claudiu Fierascu  3   4 , Petronela Mihaela Rosu  5 , Ana-Maria Morosanu  6 , Carmen Laura Cimpeanu  1 , Narcisa Babeanu  7 , Alina Ortan  1
Affiliations

Antibacterial and Antitumoral Potentials of Phytosynthesized Silver/Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Using Tomato Flower Waste

Simona Marcu Spinu et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

This study presents the phytosynthesis of silver-based nanoparticles using tomato flower waste extracts for the first time in the literature. The determination of total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts showed high gallic acid equivalents (6436-8802 mg GAE/kg dm) and high quercetin equivalents (378-633 mg QE/kg dm), respectively, dependent on the extraction method. By the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography technique, 14 polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the tomato flower waste extracts. The abundant phenolic compounds were caffeic acid (36,902-32,217 mg/kg) and chlorogenic acid (1640-1728 mg/kg), and the abundant flavonoid compounds were catechin (292-251 mg/kg) and luteolin (246-108 mg/kg). Transmission electron microscopy of the nanoparticles revealed a particle size range of 14-40 nm. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the phytosynthesis of the silver/silver oxide nanoparticles. These findings hold significant results for the antibacterial and antitumoral potential applications of the obtained nanoparticles, opening new areas for research and development and inspiring further exploration. The impact of this research on the field of metallic nanoparticle phytosynthesis is substantial, as it introduces a novel approach and could lead to significant advancements in the field.

Keywords: HT29 tumor cells; HeLa tumor cells; metallic nanoparticles; pathogenic bacteria; phytochemical profile; tomato waste.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tomato flower waste collected from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (USAMV) Research Greenhouse.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total phenolic content (a) and total flavonoid content (b) of tomato flower waste extracts obtained by MAE, UAE, and CASE. The letters a–c indicate statistically significant differences detected by ANOVA (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatogram of tomato flower waste extracts obtained by different extraction methods. US, ultrasonic-assisted extraction; MW, microwave-assisted extraction; and CAS, cascade extraction.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correlation coefficient matrix among TPC, TFC, and the DPPH assay.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Absorption spectra of the phytosynthesized NPs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FTIR spectra of (a) TFW extracts and (b) phytosynthesized NPs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
XRD for NPs phytosynthesized by tomato flower waste extracts.
Figure 8
Figure 8
TEM images (a–c) and particle size distribution histograms (d–f) of the TFWUS-NP, TFWMW-NP, and TFWCAS-NP samples.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Time-kill kinetics curves of (a) E. coli and (b) S. aureus treated with the TFW extracts and NPs. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations (n = 3).
Figure 10
Figure 10
MTT assessment of HeLa cells treated with the (a) TFW extracts and (b) NPs after 24 h. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). a–d indicate a significant difference, p ≤ 0.0001 compared with the control, calculated using one-way ANOVA.
Figure 11
Figure 11
MTT assessment of HT29 cells treated with the (a) TFW extracts and (b) NPs after 24 h. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). a–c indicate a significant difference, p ≤ 0.0001, compared with the control, calculated using one-way ANOVA.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Cell morphology of (a) untreated HeLa cells (control) and HeLa cells treated with (b) TFWUS-NPs, (b,c) TFWMW-NPs, and (d) TFWCAS-NPs.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Cell morphology of (a) untreated HeLa cells (Control) and HT29 cells treated with (b) TFWUS-NPs, (b,c) TFWMW-NPs, and (d) TFWCAS-NPs.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Schematic steps for the formation process of Ag/Ag2O-NPs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. van Andel T., Vos R.A., Michels E., Stefanaki A. Sixteenth-century tomatoes in Europe: Who saw them, what they looked like, and where they came from. PeerJ. 2022;10:e12790. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12790. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2023)—With Major Processing by Our World in Data. Tomato Production–FAO [Dataset]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Production: Crops and Livestock Products [Original Data] [(accessed on 15 April 2024)]. Available online: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tomato-production.
    1. Añibarro-Ortega M., Pinela J., Ćirić A., Martins V., Rocha F., Soković M.D., Ferreira I.C.F.R. Valorisation of table tomato crop by-products: Phenolic profiles and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Food Bioprod. Process. 2020;124:307–319. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.09.006. - DOI
    1. Zhu Z., Keesman K.J., Yogev U., Gross A. Onsite anaerobic treatment of tomato plant waste as a renewable source of energy and biofertilizer under desert conditions. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 2022;20:101274. doi: 10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101274. - DOI
    1. Almeida P.V., Rodrigues R.P., Teixeira L.M., Santos A.F., Martins R.C., Quina M.J. Bioenergy Production through Mono and Co-Digestion of Tomato Residues. Energies. 2021;14:5563. doi: 10.3390/en14175563. - DOI

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources