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Review
. 2024 Sep 21;25(18):10152.
doi: 10.3390/ijms251810152.

Pathogenesis of Inflammation in Skin Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Pathology

Simona N Shirley  1 , Abigail E Watson  2 , Nabiha Yusuf  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Pathogenesis of Inflammation in Skin Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Pathology

Simona N Shirley et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Many skin diseases begin with inflammatory changes on a molecular level. To develop a more thorough understanding of skin pathology and to identify new targets for therapeutic advancements, molecular mechanisms of inflammation in the context of skin disease should be studied. Current research efforts to better understand skin disease have focused on examining the role of molecular processes at several stages of the inflammatory response such as the dysregulation of innate immunity sensors, disruption of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and crosstalk between immune and neuronal processes (neuro-immune crosstalk). This review seeks to summarize recent developments in our understanding of inflammatory processes in skin disease and to highlight opportunities for therapeutic advancements. With a focus on publications within the past 5 years (2019-2024), the databases PubMed and EBSCOhost were used to search for peer-reviewed papers regarding inflammatory molecular mechanisms and skin disease. Several themes of research interest regarding inflammatory processes in skin disease were determined through extensive review and were included based on their relative representation in current research and their focus on therapeutic potential. Several skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and scleroderma were described in the paper to demonstrate the widespread influence of inflammation in skin disease.

Keywords: AHR/ARNT; JAK/STAT; NLRP inflammasome; TLRs; atopic dermatitis; hidradenitis suppurativa; neuro-immune crosstalk; non-coding RNA; psoriasis; scleroderma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Inflammasome Response. Created with BioRender.com. (Accessed on 10 July 2024).
Figure 2
Figure 2
TLR Response. Created with BioRender.com. (Accessed on 10 July 2024).
Figure 3
Figure 3
JAK/STAT Pathway. Adapted from“Cytokine Signaling throughe JAK-STAT Pathway” by BioRender.com. (Accessed on 10 July 2024).
Figure 4
Figure 4
AHR-ARNT Pathway. Adapted from“AHR signaling pathway” by BioRender.com (2024). (Accessed on 10 July 2024).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Non-coding RNAs. Created with BioRender.com. (Accessed on 10 July 2024).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Example of Neuro-Immune Interaction in Skin. Created with BioRender.com. (Accessed on 10 July 2024).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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