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. 2024 Sep 11;24(18):5897.
doi: 10.3390/s24185897.

Current Mirror Improved Potentiostat (CMIPot) for a Three Electrode Electrochemical Cell

Alexandre Kennedy Pinto Souza  1   2 , Carlos Augusto de Moraes Cruz  2 , Élvio Carlos Dutra E Silva Júnior  1   2 , Fagnaldo Braga Pontes  1
Affiliations

Current Mirror Improved Potentiostat (CMIPot) for a Three Electrode Electrochemical Cell

Alexandre Kennedy Pinto Souza et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This work presents a novel compact CMOS potentiostat-designed circuit for an electrochemical cell. The proposed topology functions as a circuit interface, controlling the polarization of voltage signals at the sensor electrodes and facilitating current measurement during the oxidation-reduction process of an analyzed solution. The potentiostat, designed for CMOS technology, comprises a two-stage amplifier, two current mirror blocks coupled to this amplifier, and a CMOS push-pull output stage. The electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry is employed, operating within a voltage range of ±0.8 V and scan rates of 10 mV/s, 25 mV/s, 100 mV/s, and 250 mV/s. The circuit is capable of reading currents ranging from 10 µA to 500 µA. Experimental results were obtained using a potassium ferrocyanide K3[Fe(CN)6] redox solution with concentrations of 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L, and their corresponding voltammograms were evaluated. The experimental results from a discrete circuit demonstrate that the proposed potentiostat topology produces outcomes consistent with those of classical topologies presented in the literature and industrial equipment.

Keywords: amperometric sensors; electrochemical sensor; potentiostat CMOS.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
An electrochemical system containing the CMIPot PCB and a three-electrode electrochemical cell.
Figure 2
Figure 2
CMIPot Block Diagram.
Figure 3
Figure 3
CMIPot schematic diagram.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) 2D view PCB CMIPot; (b) 3D view PCB; (c) CMIPot fabricated PCB.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Environmental test and CMIPot and PGSTAT302N.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Voltamograms and calibration curve CMIPot and PGSTAT302N. (a) Voltammograms CMIPot with 250 mV/s; (b) voltammograms PGSTAT302N with 250 mV/s; (c) calibration curve comparisons CMIPot and PGSTA302N.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Voltamograms and calibration curve CMIPot and PGSTAT302N. (a) Voltammograms CMIPot with 100 mV/s; (b) voltammograms PGSTAT302N with 1000 mV/s; (c) calibration curve comparisons CMIPot and PGSTA302N.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Voltamograms and calibration curve CMIPot and PGSTAT302N. (a) Voltammograms CMIPot with 25 mV/s; (b) voltammograms PGSTAT302N with 25 mV/; (c) calibration curve comparisons CMIPot and PGSTA302N.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Voltamograms and calibration curve CMIPot and PGSTAT302N. (a) Voltammograms CMIPot with 25 mV/s; (b) voltammograms PGSTAT302N with 25 mV/; (c) calibration curve comparisons CMIPot and PGSTA302N.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Voltamograms and calibration curve CMIPot and PGSTAT302N. (a) Voltammograms CMIPot with 10 mV/s; (b) voltammograms PGSTAT302N with 10 mV/s; (c) calibration curve comparisons CMIPot and PGSTA302N.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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