The Temporal Change in Ionised Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Metabolism Following Ingestion of a Plant-Sourced Marine Mineral + Protein Isolate in Healthy Young Adults

Abstract

Background: An increase in plant-sourced (PS) nutrient intake is promoted in support of a sustainable diet. PS dietary minerals and proteins have bioactive properties that can affect bone health and the risk of fracture. Methods: In a group randomised, cross-over design, this study evaluated the post-ingestion temporal pattern of change in arterialised ionised calcium (iCa), parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) for 4 h following ingestion of a novel supplement (SUPP) containing a PS marine multi-mineral + PS protein isolate. A diurnally matched intake of mineral water was used as a control (CON). Results: Compared to baseline, the change in iCa concentration was 0.022 (95% CI, 0.006 to 0.038, p = 0.011) mmol/l greater in SUPP than CON, resulting in a -4.214 (95% CI, -8.244 to -0.183, p = 0.042) pg/mL mean reduction in PTH, a -0.64 (95% CI, -0.199 to -0.008, p = 0.029) ng/mL decrease in the biomarker of bone resorption, CTX, and no change in the biomarker of bone formation, P1NP. Conclusions: When used as a dietary supplement, or incorporated into a food matrix, the promotion of PS marine multi-mineral and PS protein isolates may contribute to a more sustainable diet and overall bone health.

Keywords: bone health; plant mineral; plant protein; post-prandial; sustainable diet; young adults.

Figure 1

Ionised calcium (iCa; panel (A)) and the change in ionised calcium from baseline (∆iCa; panel (B)) following ingestion of plant-sourced marine multi-mineral + plant-sourced protein isolate (SUPP) or mineral water (CON). The insert in panel (B) reports the integrated area under the curve (AUC_0–240) of the change from baseline. Data are the mean (SEM). ** Significant difference between SUPP and CON, p < 0.05.

Figure 2

Parathyroid hormone (PTH; panel (A)) and the change in parathyroid hormone from baseline (∆PTH; panel (B)) following ingestion of plant-sourced marine multi-mineral + plant-sourced protein isolate (SUPP) or mineral water (CON). The insert in panel (B) reports the integrated area under the curve (AUC_0–240) of the change from baseline. Data are the mean (SEM). ** Significant difference between SUPP and CON, p < 0.05.

Figure 3

C-terminal peptide of type I collagen (CTX; panel (A)) and the change in CTX from baseline (∆CTX; panel (B)) following ingestion of plant-sourced marine multi-mineral + plant-sourced protein isolate (SUPP) or mineral water (CON). The insert in panel (B) reports the integrated area under the curve (AUC_0–240) of the change from baseline. Data are the mean (SEM). ** Significant difference between SUPP and CON, p < 0.05.

Figure 4

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; panel (A)) and the change in GIP and GLP-1 from baseline (∆GIP, ∆GLP-1; panel (B)) following ingestion of plant-sourced marine multi-mineral + plant-sourced protein isolate (SUPP). The insert in panel (B) reports the integrated area under the curve (AUC_0–240) of the change from baseline. Data are the mean (SEM). ** Significant difference from basal, p < 0.05.