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Review
. 2025 Jun 13;31(6):1702-1715.
doi: 10.1093/ibd/izae222.

A Review of Cutaneous Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Skin of Color

Florence-Damilola Odufalu  1 , Sarah Gonzalez  2 , Arielle Carolina Mora Hurtado  3 , Jennifer Hsiao  4 , Mimi Xu  5 , Nada Elbuluk  4
Affiliations
Review

A Review of Cutaneous Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Skin of Color

Florence-Damilola Odufalu et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis. .

Abstract

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in racial and ethnic minority groups. Cutaneous extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of IBD are well-known comorbid conditions that can occur in both active and quiescent IBD. Historically, cutaneous EIMs of IBD are described in White skin with a lack of literature describing these conditions in darker skin tones. This potentially creates a knowledge gap and awareness among providers in recognizing these conditions and offering therapy in a timely manner to non-White patients. This review aims to describe the cutaneous manifestations of IBD in a wide range of skin tones with several examples to improve awareness. With further awareness, this review will enable to provide equitable care to IBD patients with cutaneous EIMs.

Plain language summary

As inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing across all racial and ethnic groups, providers are seeing IBD and its associated extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) in populations previously not well described. This review describes cutaneous EIM of IBD in a wide range of skin tones to improve awareness.

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