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. 2024 Sep 1;25(9):3239-3249.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.3239.

Trends in Stage-Specific Kidney Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan, 2005-2019

Nurbek Igissin  1   2   3 , Sergey Dyakov  2   4   5 , Zhansaya Telmanova  2 , Indira Kudaibergenova  3   5 , Serik Ayaganov  6 , Dulat Turebayev  2   7 , Akzhunis Jexenova  7 , Gulnur S Igissinova  2   8 , Saule Maukayeva  9 , Vladimir Lust  7 , Vladimir Grigorevsky  7 , Alina Shelestyuk  7 , Nariman Syzdykov  2   10 , Ivan Shishkin  6 , Zarina Bilyalova  2   3
Affiliations

Trends in Stage-Specific Kidney Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan, 2005-2019

Nurbek Igissin et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Objective: The aim is to analyze the incidence of kidney cancer over a 15-year period, considering factors such as stage, age, sex, and morphological verification in the regional context in Kazakhstan.

Methods: The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period.

Results: Among the meticulously documented 15,277 cases, a conspicuous male predominance was noted, comprising 53.7% of cases compared to 46.3% in females, with peak incidences observed within the 50-69 age cohorts. The average age at diagnosis exhibited a progressive rise over the study period, with discernible variations observed in age-specific incidence rates, particularly pronounced within the 60-84 age brackets. Noteworthy temporal trends indicated a consistent uptick in crude incidence rates, with distinct regional disparities manifesting higher rates in northern regions relative to their southern and western counterparts. Stratification by cancer stage unveiled a significant surge in stages I-II cases alongside a concomitant decrement in stage III incidences, complemented by reductions in stage IV occurrences and instances of unspecified disease stages. Morphological verification rates displayed regional variations, with an overarching ascending trajectory across most regions, albeit exceptions noted, notably in the Kyzylorda region.

Conclusion: Our study identified a rise in kidney cancer incidence in Kazakhstan, likely reflecting global trends driven by increased risk factor exposure and incidental imaging findings. Regional disparities and varied stage distributions highlight the complexity of kidney cancer epidemiology. Despite advancements in early detection, delayed diagnosis persists, necessitating improved surveillance and diagnostic practices.

Keywords: Dynamics; cancer rate; morphological verification; regions; renal cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-Specific Incidence Rates of Kidney Cancer in Kazakhstan, 2005-2019
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dynamics of Kidney Cancer Incidence by Stage in Kazakhstan, 2005-2019
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dynamics of Indicators of Early Diagnosis (stage I–II) and Neglect (stage III and IV) of Kidney Cancer in Kazakhstan in 2005-2019.
Figure 4A
Figure 4A
Dynamics of Indicators of Stage I–II and Stage III and IV Kidney Cancer in Kazakhstan by Region, 2005-2019
Figure 4В
Figure 4В
Dynamics of Indicators of Stage I–II and Stage III and IV Kidney Cancer in Kazakhstan by Rregion, 2005-2019
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