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. 2025 Jan;50(1):82-87.
doi: 10.1111/coa.14237. Epub 2024 Sep 30.

Paediatric Laryngeal Ultrasound: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Aotearoa New Zealand and an International Survey

Silvia Giovanna Marinone Lares  1   2 , Georgia Mackay  1   2   3 , Sita Tarini Clark  2   3 , Jeyasakthy Saniasiaya  1   4 , Craig McCaffer  1
Affiliations

Paediatric Laryngeal Ultrasound: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Aotearoa New Zealand and an International Survey

Silvia Giovanna Marinone Lares et al. Clin Otolaryngol. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: Vocal fold immobility (VFI) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population. Laryngoscopy is the current first-line investigation for patients with suspected VFI. Laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) has recently emerged as an alternative method of identifying VFI. Compared to laryngoscopy, LUS is less invasive, does not require anaesthesia, and can be performed by non-otolaryngologists. The objectives of this study are to evaluate LUS as a diagnostic method for the identification of VFI in a cohort of paediatric patients in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and to estimate the frequency of use of LUS in the paediatric population by clinicians around the world.

Methods: A retrospective, single-centre cohort study was performed on all paediatric patients who had undergone laryngoscopy and LUS at Starship Children's Health in Auckland, NZ, between 2020 and 2023. An eight-question survey was also developed and distributed to better understand clinicians' use of LUS in their clinical practice to diagnose paediatric VFI globally.

Results: Twenty-nine paediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. LUS demonstrated good sensitivity (80.95%) for detecting VFI and increased to 93.33% for the detection of unilateral VFI. Of the 87 respondents to the survey, 41.38% utilise LUS in their clinical practice in the paediatric population. The main barriers to implementation of LUS as identified by non-users were lack of equipment, expertise, and training.

Conclusions: These findings support the use of LUS as an accurate diagnostic tool for the detection of unilateral VFI. Further studies in non-surgical populations and in patients with bilateral VFI, as well as standardised guidelines for LUS technique and reporting, are required.

Keywords: flexible laryngoscopy; laryngeal ultrasound; larynx; paediatric airway; paediatric otolaryngology; sonography; vocal cord paralysis; vocal fold movement impairment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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