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. 2024 Sep 13:12:1458505.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1458505. eCollection 2024.

Phytochemical analysis, identification of bioactive compounds using GC-MS, in vitro and in silico hypoglycemic potential, in vitro antioxidant potential, and in silico ADME analysis of Chlorophytum comosum root and leaf

P Kavya  1 , R C Theijeswini  2 , M Gayathri  1
Affiliations

Phytochemical analysis, identification of bioactive compounds using GC-MS, in vitro and in silico hypoglycemic potential, in vitro antioxidant potential, and in silico ADME analysis of Chlorophytum comosum root and leaf

P Kavya et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Chlorophytum comosum is a plant with medicinal potential traditionally used to treat different diseases. The present study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds, hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential of C. comosum root and leaf. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the bioactive compounds. The hypoglycemic potential of the extracts was evaluated by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose diffusion inhibitory assays, and glucose adsorption assay. The ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum root inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and glucose diffusion in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 205.39 ± 0.15, 179.34 ± 0.3 and 535.248 μg/mL, respectively, and the leaf extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes with IC50 values of 547.99 ± 0.09, and 198.18 ± 0.25 μg/mL respectively. C. comosum root and leaf extracts also improved glucose adsorption. Heptadecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid were identified as potential compounds with hypoglycemic properties through molecular docking. The extracts were also assessed for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. C. comosum root and leaf extracts were also able to scavenge DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 108.37 ± 0.06 and 181.79 ± 0.09 µM and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.24 ± 0.13 and 264.409 ± 0.08 µM, respectively. The root and leaf extracts also reduced the ferricyanide complex to ferrocyanide with higher reducing powers of 2.24 ± 0.02 and 1.65 ± 0.03, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum root has significant antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential compared to the leaf extract. Thus, it can also be studied to isolate the potential compounds with antihyperglycemic activities.

Keywords: Chlorophytum comosum; GC-MS; antioxidant; hypoglycemic; molecular docking; phytochemical.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) Total phenolics concentration in different solvent extracts of C. comosum roots and leaves, (B) Total flavonoids concentration in different solvent extracts of C. comosum roots and leaves. Different letters show significant differences between the tested extracts (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) FTIR spectra of ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum root, (B) FTIR spectra of ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum leaf.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
GCMS chromatogram of ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum root.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
GCMS chromatogram of ethyl acetate extract of C. comosum leaf.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
2-D interaction plot of the best-docked compounds into the active site of α-amylase (A) Heptadecanoic acid, (B) Dodecanoic acid, (C) Acarbose.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
2-D interaction plot of the best-docked compounds into the active site of α-glucosidase (A) Heptadecanoic acid, (B) Dodecanoic acid, (C) Acarbose.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
(A) Boiled egg graphical representation of heptadecanoic acid, (B) Bioavailability radar of heptadecanoic acid, (C) Boiled egg graphical representation of dodecanoic acid, (D) Bioavailability radar of dodecanoic acid, (E) Boiled egg graphical representation of acarbose, (F) Bioavailability radar of acarbose.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
(A) α-amylase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf, (B) α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf, (C) Glucose diffusion inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf at 30, 60, and 90 min, (D) Glucose diffusion inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf at 120, 150, and 180 min, (E) Glucose adsorption capacity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf. Different letters indicate significant differences between the tested sample and standard (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
(A) DPPH scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf, (B) ABTS scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf, (C) Reducing ability of ethyl acetate extracts of C. comosum root and leaf. Different letters indicate significant differences between the tested sample and standard (p < 0.05).
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